“本真性”何以成为非物质文化遗产保护的“不当用词”

"Authenticity"-an Improper Word in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage

“本真性”或“真实性”是遗产保护领域的核心概念。《世界遗产公约》对于物质文化遗产的“真实性”有着比较明确的定义和应用,而在非物质文化遗产保护的相关国际文书对“本真性”的理解和应用,则经历了从强调到模糊,最终被认为在非物质文化遗产保护领域是一个“问题和障碍”的过程。这一转变与联合国教科文组织和世界知识产权组织在非物质文化遗产保护领域的协作密切相关。在教科文组织主导非物质文化遗产保护工作之后,随着多样性文化及其价值得到承认和尊重,物质文化遗产的“真实性”概念得到了相应的拓展和深化,非物质文化遗产的动态性特征也获得广泛认同。由于物质文化遗产的“本真性”概念隐含着固定和静止的含义,它被认为不适用于非物质文化遗产的认定和保护过程。考察这一过程,对于准确把握《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的精神,以及厘清非物质文化遗产保护在“整体视野下的过程性保护”与“法律框架内的结果性保护”之间的差异,具有重要的理论和实践意义。

"Authenticity"is a core concept in the field of heritage protection.The"authenticity"of tangible cultural heritage is clearly defined and applied in The World Heritage Convention.However,in the understanding and application of"authenticity"in international documents related to safeguarding intangible cultural heritage(ICH),the concept has gone through a process from being emphasized to being blurred,and eventually being considered as a"problem and obstacle"in the field of safeguarding ICH.This shift is closely related to the collaboration between UNESCO and World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)in the field of safeguarding ICH.With UNESCO taking the lead in safeguarding ICH,and the diversity of cultures and their values being acknowledged and respected,the concept of"authenticity"of tangible cultural heritage has been broadened and deepened,and the dynamic nature of ICH has been widely recognized.As the concept of"authenticity"in tangible cultural heritage implies a fixed and static situation,it is not considered applicable to the process of identifying and safeguarding ICH.Examining this process is of theoretical and practical significance to accurately interpret The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and to clarify the difference between the"process-based safeguarding under a holistic perspective"and the"result-based safeguarding within a legal framework".