济南市某燃煤电厂日常检维修作业职业健康风险评估

Occupational health risk assessment of routine inspection and maintenance in a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province

目的了解济南市某燃煤电厂日常检维修作业的职业健康风险程度,探究燃煤电厂适用的职业危害防控措施,以达到最大限度地降低职业病危害,保护燃煤电厂日常检维修工健康的目的。方法2021年10—12月,以山东省济南市某燃煤电厂为对象,对其日常检维修人员接触职业病危害因素进行识别和检测,选用半定量接触比值法和风险评估指数法进行风险评估。结果燃煤电厂日常检维修作业主要职业病危害因素包括化学有害因素(矽尘、石灰石粉尘、煤尘、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、氨、盐酸、硫酸)和物理因素(噪声、高温、工频电场)。化学有害因素检测18个点,超标率为5.55%;噪声测量7个岗位,超标率为57.14%;高温测量2个岗位,无超标岗位;其他危害因素检测结果均符合职业接触限值的要求。该燃煤电厂日常检维修共8个工种,其中锅炉队检修工、汽机队检修工、电热队检修工、灰水队检修工、输煤队检修工、翻车机检修工、综合队检修工的风险等级为中等风险,脱硫队检修工的风险等级为极高风险。结论脱硫队检修工和综合检修工为燃煤电厂日常检维修作业职业病危害重点关注岗位,切实落实职业病危害警示标识、个体防护、职业健康检查、职业卫生培训及应急处置措施等方面的监管措施,降低燃煤电厂日常检维修期间职业病发病概率,更好地保护燃煤电厂日常检维修工的健康和安全。

Objective To understand the occupational health risk of routine inspection and maintenance in a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province,explore the prevention and control measures of ocupational hazards applicable to coal-burning power plant,so as to minimize occupational hazards and protect the health of workers in the routine inspection and maintenance of coal-burning power plant.Methods From October to December 2021,a coal-burning power plant in Jinan City of Shandong Province was selected as the object to identify and detect the occupational hazard factors of the routine inspection and maintenance personnel,and the semi-quantitative contact ratio method and risk assessment index method were used for risk assessment.Results The main occupational hazard factors in routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant included chemical harmful factors(silica dust,limestone dust,coal dust,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide,ammonia,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid)and physical factors(noise,high temperature,power frequency electric field).After detection,the over-standard rate was 5.55%in 18 points of chemical harmful factors measurement,the over-standard rate was57.14%in seven posts of noise measurement,and no over-standard post was found in two posts of high temperature measurement.The test results of other hazard factors were in line with the requirements of occupational exposure limits.There were eight types of work in the routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant,in which boiler team inspection worker,the steam engine team inspection worker,the electric heating team inspection worker,the gray water team inspection worker,the coal transport team inspection worker,the dump machine inspection worker,the comprehensive team inspection worker had the medium risk level,while desulfurization team inspection worker had extremely high risk.Conclusion The occupational hazards of inspection workers of desulphurization team and comprehensive inspection workers need special attention in routine inspection and maintenance of the coal-burning power plant,and it is necessary to effectively implement regulatory measures in areas such as occupational disease hazard warning signs,individual protection,occupational health examinations,occupational health training,and emergency response measures,to reduce the incidence of occupational disease during routine maintenance of coal-burning power plants,and better protect the health and safety of routine maintenance workers in coal-burning power plants.