2013--2022年湖南省职业病发病的流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational disease in Hunan Province from 2013-2022

目的分析2013--2022年湖南省新发职业病的发病特征和发展趋势,为制定职业病防治策略提供依据。方法收集2013--2022年湖南省通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”报告的职业病病例,以用工单位所在地为湖南省的职业病新发病例(16863例)作为研究对象,分析其流行病学特征和变化趋势。结果2013--2022年湖南省共报告新发职业病八大类52种共16863例,以尘肺病为主,为14254例,占84.53%;年度发病例数以2016年最多,为2754例,占16.33%;病例性别以男性为主,为16568例,占98.25%;发病年龄以40~<60岁居多,为12212例,占72.42%;发病工龄以5~<25年居多,为11654例占69.05%;病例主要分布在中小型企业,以私营企业和采矿业居多;地区分布主要为娄底市(4637例,占27.50%)、常德市(1833例,占10.87%)和邵阳市(1790例,占10.61%)。结论湖南省职业病发病整体呈逐年下降趋势,职业性尘肺病是湖南省职业病防控的重中之重,同时不可忽视对职业性化学中毒和职业性噪声聋的防护。加强对中小型企业、私营企业以及采矿业和制造业的监管是湖南省当前职业病防治工作的重点。

Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics and development trends of newly reported occupational diseases in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022,provide a basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies.Methods The occupational disease cases reported through the"Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factor Monitoring Information System"subsystem of the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System"in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected,to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of 16863 new cases of occupational diseases in Hunan Province where the employing unit is located.Results From 2013 to 2022,totally 16863 cases of 8 major categories and 52 types of new occupational diseases were reported in Hunan Province,with pneumoconiosis being the main disease(14254 cases,84.53%).Most cases were diagnosed in 2016(2754 cases,16.33%).Among the cases,98.25%(16568 cases)were men,72.42%(12212 cases)were aged 40-<60 years and 69.05%(11654 cases)had 5-<25 years of working experience.The cases were mainly distributed in small and medium-sized enterprises,private enterprises and mining industry.The regional distribution was mainly in Loudi City(4637 cases,27.50%),Changde City(1833 cases,10.87%)and Shaoyang City(1790 cases,10.61%).Conclusions The overall incidence of occupational diseases in Hunan Province is decreasing year by year,and occupational pneumoconiosis is the top priority for occupational disease prevention and control.At the same time,the protection against occupational chemical poisoning and occupational noise deafness cannot be ignored.Strengthening the supervision of small and medium-sized enterprises,private enterprises,mining and manufacturing industries is the focus of current occupational disease prevention and control work in Hunan Province.