2008—2022年天津市南开区梅毒报告病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of reported syphilis cases in Nankai District of Tianjin City from 2008 to 2022

目的分析天津市南开区梅毒流行病学特征,为性病防治工作提供依据。方法以中国疾病预防控制信息系统数据为基础,使用描述统计学方法计算报告发病率、构成比,用χ2检验进行率的比较和趋势χ^(2)检验分析其变化趋势,分析2008—2022年天津市南开区梅毒病例报告情况。结果2008—2022年天津市南开区累计报告梅毒病例4844例,年均报告发病率为29.83/10万。梅毒报告病例总体呈下降趋势,由2008年的40.54/10万降至2022年的23.45/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=69.858,P<0.01),其中一期、二期梅毒逐年下降,分别年均下降12.01%和17.07%,但隐性梅毒发病率逐年上升,由10.94/10万增至20.27/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=212.834,P<0.01),年均增长3.84%。南开区全年各月均有梅毒病例报告,其中2月份病例最少,3月份出现发病小高峰,病例主要集中在7—9月,共1386例,占28.61%。梅毒报告病例中,男性2642例(54.54%),发病率为32.15/10万,女性2202例(45.46%),发病率为27.46/10万。报告病例主要集中在≥20岁人群,其中20~<30岁病例数最多,为1273例(26.28%),<50岁各年龄组发病率均呈逐年下降的趋势,而≥60岁年龄组发病率呈上升趋势,由2008年的28.49/10万上升至2022年的35.04/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=15.399,P<0.01)。梅毒报告病例职业分布以家务及待业、离退人员、商业服务人员为主,报告科室分布以皮肤(性病)科病例最多,为331例(32.77%)。结论天津市南开区梅毒发病情况总体呈下降趋势,但梅毒疫情防控形势依然严峻,建议将梅毒防治与艾滋病防治工作相结合,开展综合防治工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Nankai District of Tianjin City,and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of venereal diseases.Methods Based on the data of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,the incidence and composition ratio of the report were calculated by descriptive statistical methods,and the Chi-square test was used to compare the rates and the change trend was analyzed by the trend Chi-square test,to analyze the report of syphilis cases in Nankai District of Tianjin City from 2008 to 2022.Results From 2008 to 2022,a total of 4844 syphilis cases were reported in Nankai District of Tianjin City,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 29.83/100000.The reported cases of syphilis showed an overalldownward trend,from 40.54/100000 in 2008 to 23.45/100000 in 2022(χ^(2)_(trend)=69.858,P<0.01),of which primary and secondary syphilis decreased year by year,with an average annual decrease of 12.01%and 17.07%,respectively,but the incidence of hidden syphilis increased year by year,from 10.94/100000 to 20.27/100000(χ^(2)_(trend)=212.834,P<0.01),with an average annual increase of 3.84%.There were reports of syphilis cases in Nankai District every month of the year,with the fewest cases in February and a small peak in March.The cases were mainly concentrated from July to September,with a total of 1386 cases,accounting for 28.61%.Among the reported cases of syphilis,2642 cases(54.54%)were male,the incidence rate was 32.15/100000,and 2202 cases(45.46%)were female,the incidence rate was 27.46/100000.The reported cases were mainly concentrated in the population aged≥20 years old,with the highest number of cases aged 20-<30 years old,accounting for 1273 cases(26.28%),and the incidence rate of all age groups aged<50 years showed a downward trend year by year,while the incidence rate in the≥60 year-old age group showed an increasing trend,from 28.49/100000 in 2008 to 35.04/100000 in 2022(χ^(2)_(trend)=15.399,P<0.01).The occupational distribution of syphilis reported cases was mainly domestic work and unemployed,retired people,and commercial service personnel The distribution of reported cases in the department of dermatology(venereal diseases)was the largest,with 331 cases(32.77%).Conclusion The incidence of syphilis in Nankai District of Tianjin City is generally on the decline,but the situation of syphilis prevention and control is still serious.It is suggested to combine syphilis prevention and control with AIDS prevention and control to carry out comprehensive prevention and control.