2012—2022年天津市和平区疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of adverse events following immunization in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022

目的通过分析2012—2022年天津市和平区疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征及监测系统各项指标,了解AEFI发生规律,评价天津市和平区AEFI监测敏感性,为监测工作提供指导。方法采用描述流行病学方法对从中国疾病疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI报告模块导出的2012—2022年天津市和平区AEFI个案资料进行分析。结果2012—2022年和平区共报告AEFI 232例,报告发生率为28.72/10万,呈波动下降趋势;疫苗接种剂次以第一剂为主,共123例,占53.02%;男女性别比为1.23∶1;<2岁组报告数最多,其中0~<1岁组的儿童占37.07%,1~<2岁组占31.90%;第二、三季度病例数最多,分别占35.78%和28.02%。反应发生时间以接种后1天内为主,占81.47%;反应类型以一般反应为主,占80.17%;异常反应症状以各类过敏性皮疹为主,占76.92%;发生率较高疫苗为含麻类疫苗、百白破(青少年)、23价肺炎疫苗。结论天津市和平区AEFI监测系统运行良好,但监测的敏感性不足,应加强培训和督导,增强报告意识;规范排查接种禁忌,准确实施疫苗接种,强化接种后告知,严格执行接种后30 min留观制度,杜绝接种差错,减少偶合症,重点提升成人门诊的监测敏感性。

Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics and monitoring system indicators of adverse events following immunization(AEFI)in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022,understand the occurrence pattern of AEFI,evaluate the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring in Heping District of Tianjin City,and provide guidance for monitoring work.Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the case data of AEFI in Heping District of Tianjin City from 2012 to 2022 exported from the AEFI reporting module of the China disease prevention and control information system.Results From 2012 to 2022,232 cases of AEFI were reported in Heping District,with a reported incidence of 28.72/100000,showing a fluctuating downward trend.The cases occurred mainly at first dose of vaccine,with a total of 123 cases,accounting for 53.02%.The male-tofemale ratio was 1.23:1.The group under 2 years old reported the highest number of cases,with children<1 year old accounting for 37.07%and the 1 year old group accounting for 31.90%The summer and autumn seasons had the highest number of cases,accounting for 35.78%and 28.02%respectively.The reaction occurred mainly within 1 day after vaccination,accounting for 81.47%.The reaction type was mainly general reaction,accounting for 80.17%.The main symptoms of abnormal reactions were various allergic rashes,accounting for 76.92%.The vaccines with a higher incidence rate included vaccines related to measles,DPT(youth),23 valent pneumonia vaccine.Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Heping District of Tianjin City runs well,but the sensitivity of the monitoring is insufficient,and it is necessary to strengthen training,supervision,and enhance reporting awareness,standardize the screening of vaccination taboos,accurately implement vaccination,strengthen post vaccination notification,strictly implement the 30 minute observation system after vaccination,eliminate vaccination errors,reduce coincidence,and focus on improving the monitoring sensitivity of adult vaccination clinic.