职务发明专利相关纠纷的司法判决为医学科研管理带来的思考

Reflections on medical research management from judicial judgments on disputes related to service invention patents

目的了解司法实践中,围绕职务发明容易出现的法律纠纷,拟从科研管理视角,以规范知识产权管理和促进成果转化为导向,探讨医学科研单位职务发明专利相关纠纷防范策略。方法梳理2018年1月1日—2023年12月31日中国裁判文书网职务发明专利相关案件的判决书,分析案件情况,归纳纠纷类型,总结纠纷产生的原因并提出应对建议。结果共分析了469个职务发明专利相关纠纷案件,90%以上为权属纠纷,其中涉及专利权权属纠纷的案件413件,73.1%案件判决属于职务发明;仅涉及发明创造发明人、设计人署名权纠纷的案件14件,78.6%的案件对具有争议的发明人、设计人做出了不是涉案专利实际发明人、设计人的判决;涉及职务发明创造发明人、设计人奖励、报酬等利益分配纠纷的案件42件,大部分案件判决单位应支付发明人、设计人奖金。结论建议科研单位建立职务科技成果披露制度,引导科研人员主动、及时向所在科研单位披露职务科技成果;激发创新热情,完善知识产权管理制度与服务机制;加强科研诚信建设,避免出现专利发明人、设计人挂名等科研诚信问题。

ObjectiveTo understand the legal disputes that are prone to arise in judicial practice regarding service inventions,this study aims to explore prevention strategies for patent disputes related to service inventions in medical research institutions from the perspective of scientific research management,guided by the standardization of intellectual property management and the promotion of achievement transformation.MethodsThis study sorted out the judgments of patent related cases related to official inventions on the China Judgment Document Network from January 1,2018 to December 31,2023,analyzed the case situation,summarized the types of disputes,the reasons for disputes,and propose countermeasures.ResultsA total of 469 dispute cases related to service invention patents were analyzed,with over 90%being ownership disputes.Among them,413 cases involved patent ownership disputes,and 73.1%of the cases were judged as service inventions.There were only 14 cases involving disputes over the authorship rights of inventors and designers of inventions and creations,and 78.6%of cases had made judgments against disputed inventors and designers who were not the actual inventors or designers of the patent in question.There were 42 cases involving disputes over the distribution of benefits such as rewards and remuneration for inventors and designers in the field of service inventions and creations.In most cases,the judgment units should pay bonuses to inventors and designers.ConclusionsThis study suggests that research institutions establish a disclosure system for job related scientific and technological achievements,guiding researchers to actively and timely disclose job related scientific and technological achievements to their respective research institutions,stimulate innovation enthusiasm,improve intellectual property management system and service mechanism,strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity and avoid scientific research integrity issues such as the naming of patent inventors and designers.