不同改土物料对烤烟产质量及植烟土壤化学性状的影响

Effect of Different Soil Modification Materials on the Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and the Chemical Properties of Tobacco Planting Soil

本研究旨在探讨不同土壤改良物料对烤烟产量、质量以及植烟土壤化学性质的影响,并分析烤烟生长发育过程中土壤化学性质变化与烤烟产量及质量的关系,目的是为陆良烟区优质烟叶生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验采用‘云烟121’品种,设置4个处理(S_(0):当地常规施肥;S_(1):施用石灰60 g/株;S_(2):施用生物质炭100 g/株;S_(3):施用蚯蚓粪肥200 g/株),通过调查并分析‘云烟121’在不同处理下的土壤的化学性状、农艺性状和烤后烟的产量以及质量等方面的表现,综合评估改土物料的施用对烤烟及植烟土壤的影响。结果表明:施用生物质炭烤烟田间长势最好,蚯蚓粪肥次之。病害方面,施用蚯蚓粪肥的发病率相比于对照降低了32.49%,病情指数较对照降低25.2%。土壤理化性状方面,相较对照,生物质炭的施用显著增加了土壤速效钾含量并显著降低土壤中氯离子含量。经济性状方面,施用蚯蚓粪肥产值、均价、中上等烟比例分别达到了65500元/hm^(2)、26.20元/kg、83.11%,相较于对照分别提高了9.7%、19.4%、13.4%。烤后烟叶化学成分方面,施用生物质炭效果最佳,氯离子含量降低至0.36 mg/kg,相比于对照降低了50.7%,钾含量达到了2.89 mg/kg,相比于对照增加了16.4%。综上,施用100 g/株生物质炭有助于土壤改良,均衡土壤养分,促进烤烟生长,同时促进烤后烟叶品质提升,其中增钾降氯效果显著;而施用200 g/株蚯蚓粪肥可有效增强烤烟抗病性,提高烤烟的经济性状。在本试验条件下,建议生物质炭和蚯蚓粪肥配合施用进行土壤改良,可有效降低烟叶中氯离子含量,改善烟叶品质,增强烟叶化学协调性,提高经济效益,有利于促进烤烟优质适产。

To study the effects of different soil improvement materials on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and the chemical properties of tobacco-planting soil,the relationship between the changes of soil chemical properties and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco during the growth and development of flue cured tobacco was explored to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the production of high quality tobacco leaves in Luliang tobacco area.In this experiment,‘Yunyan 121’was selected as the test variety,and there were 4 treatments(S_(0):local conventional fertilization treatment;S_(1):application of lime 60 g/plant;S_(2):application of biochar 100g/plant;S_(3):application of earthworm manure 200 g/plant).Through the investigation and analysis of the soil chemical properties,agronomic traits and yield and quality and other aspects of performance of‘Yunyan 121’under different treatments,the effects of different soil improvement materials on flue-cured tobacco and tobacco planting soil were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the growth of flue-cured tobacco with biochar was the best,followed by earthworm manure.In terms of disease,the incidence of vermicompost application was reduced by 32.49%compared with the control,and the disease index was reduced by 25.2%compared with the control.In terms of soil physical and chemical properties,compared with the control group,the application of biochar significantly increased the content of available potassium in soil and significantly reduced the content of chloride ion in soil.In terms of economic traits,the output value,average price,and proportion of middle and upper tobacco treated with earthworm manure increased by 9.7%,19.4%,and 13.4%,respectively,compared with the control group.In terms of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,the application of biochar had the best coordination effect.The chloride ion content decreased to 0.36 mg/kg,which was 50.7%lower than that of the control group,and the potassium content reached 2.89 mg/kg,which was 16.4%higher than that of the control group.In summary,the application of 100 g/plant biochar contributes to the improvement of tobacco-planting soil,the balance of soil nutrients,the promotion of tobacco plant growth,and the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality,among which the effect of increasing potassium and reducing chlorine is particularly significant;the application of 200 g/plant earthworm manure could effectively enhance the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves.Under the conditions of this experiment,the combined application of biochar and earthworm manure for soil improvement can effectively reduce the content of chloride ions in tobacco leaves,improve the quality of tobacco leaves,enhance the chemical coordination of tobacco leaves,and improve economic benefits,which was conducive to pursue highest yield and suitable cultivation.