河南省设施农业气候资源及主要灾害时空特征分布

Spatiotemporal Variation of Climate Resources and Meteorological Disasters of Facility Agriculture in Henan Province

研究基于1961—2020年河南省95个气象站的逐日气象数据,采用气候倾向率分析方法,并结合Matlab和ArcGIS软件工具,系统分析了河南省设施农业气候资源及主要农业气象灾害的时空变化特征。研究结果揭示了在河南省设施农业生长季内,平均气温和平均最低气温均呈显著上升趋势,日照时数呈显著下降趋势。这些变量在空间分布上显示出明显的纬向模式,其中平均气温和平均最低气温从北向南递增,日照时数则相反。日平均气温低于-8℃的低温站次有明显减少趋势,寡照日数有显著增加趋势,暴雪发生站次无明显变化趋势,低温日数和寡照日数呈纬向分布,低温日数自北向南递减,寡照日数自北向南递增,暴雪日数空间分布不明显。综上所述,河南省设施农业气象灾害的发生规律具有区域性特点,因此,在发展设施农业时,应考虑区域差异,科学规划布局。

Based on the daily meteorological data of 95 meteorological stations in Henan Province from 1961 to 2020,the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the climate resources and major agrometeorological disasters of facility agriculture were analyzed by using the methods of climate tendency rate and the Matlab and ArcGIS software.The results showed that the average temperature and the average minimum temperature in the growing season of facility agriculture in Henan Province showed a significant increasing trend,while the sunshine hours showed a significant decreasing trend.The spatial distribution showed a zonal distribution.The average temperature and the average minimum temperature increased from north to south,while the sunshine hours decreased from north to south.The number of low temperature stations with the daily average temperature<-8℃had a significant decreasing trend,and the number of sunshine days had a significant increasing trend,with the number of snowstorm stations no obvious trend of change.The days of low temperature decreased from north to south,while the days of sparse sunlight increased from north to south,with the spatial distribution of snowstorm days implicit.Arrangements on planning of facility agriculture should be done in Henan Province,because of the diversity of agricultural meteorological disasters.