盐碱胁迫下作物氮素吸收利用的响应机理及调控措施研究进展

The Response Mechanism of Crop Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Salt and Alkali Stress and Related Regulating Managements:A Review

开展盐碱胁迫下对作物氮素吸收利用的影响及其调控途径的综述研究,为盐碱胁迫下氮素利用率的提高和盐碱地综合利用技术提供理论依据。从种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系生长、光合作用、渗透调节系统、氧化还原系统、离子平衡等方面系统归纳了盐碱胁迫对作物生长的影响,从土壤氮素循环、根系氮素吸收和氮素同化等方面分析了盐碱胁迫对作物氮素吸收利用的影响机理。结果显示,可以从氮高效品种选用、土壤调理剂施用、土壤有机质增施、生长调节剂控制、内生菌根定植等方面提高盐碱胁迫下作物的氮素吸收利用。通过开展综述,提出了开发利用相应的菌剂产品、关于不同程度的盐胁迫下作物氮素吸收利用的响应特征、开展耐盐品种的育种工作、深入挖掘植物体内碳氮代谢相关组学机理、新型植物生长调节剂在盐碱胁迫下对作物氮素利用的影响等盐碱地作物的养分管理和稳产高产理论与途径研究方向。

In order to elucidate the response of crop nitrogen absorption and utilization to salt and alkali stress and the regulation mechanisms,based on domestically and internationally research progress,this article summed the effect of salt and alkali stress on crop growth from the aspects of seed germination,seedling growth,root growth,photosynthesis,osmotic regulation system,redox system,and ion balance;discussed the impact of salt and alkali stress on crop nitrogen absorption and utilization and the undying mechanisms from the aspects of soil nitrogen cycling,root nitrogen absorption,and nitrogen assimilation;summarized the regulatory methods on crop nitrogen uptake and utilization under salt alkali stress such as nitrogen efficient variety selection,soil conditioner application,organic matter application,growth regulator application,and endophytic mycorrhizal colonization,and discussed the undying mechanisms.This article pointed out that soil salinization was one of the key soil barrier factors limiting crop production.Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application was an effective way to alleviate salt stress,but improper nitrogen fertilizer application could lead to a decrease in nitrogen utilization efficiency.Further in-depth research on crop nitrogen response mechanisms and regulatory pathways under salt stress from the soil-crop system could be of great significance for crop nutrient management and stable and high crops yield under soil salinization.