典型新污染物在我国垃圾填埋渗滤液中的赋存、迁移与去除

The occurrence,migration,and removal of typical emerging contaminants in landfill leachate in China

新污染物由于具有生物毒性、环境持久性、生物累积性等特征,对生态环境和人体健康造成潜在风险,其环境安全问题日益受到重视.近年来,垃圾填埋渗滤液陆续检出各种新污染物,使其逐渐成为新污染物不容忽视的源.本文在梳理文献的基础上,系统总结了药物及个人护理品、抗生素抗性基因、内分泌干扰物、全氟化合物、微塑料为主的典型新污染物在我国垃圾填埋渗滤液中的赋存特征,探讨了影响其赋存水平的因素,分析了其在地表水、土壤、地下水等周边环境介质的迁移行为,比较了渗滤液处理工艺对新污染物的去除效果.总体上,我国垃圾填埋渗滤液中新污染物赋存浓度范围跨度较大,且主要研究集中在东部发达区域,东北和西北欠发达地区研究较少.填埋场年龄、渗滤液理化性质、自然条件等因素均会影响其赋存特征,但是具体影响机制缺乏深入阐释.垃圾填埋渗滤液中新污染物通过排放、渗透等方式可以迁移到周边土壤与地表水和地下水中,但是大气迁移鲜有研究.现有渗滤液处理工艺(生物+膜处理)可有效去除多数新污染物,但是转化规律及去除机制仍不明晰.最后,本文对垃圾填埋场渗滤液中新污染物未来研究重点进行了展望,以期为填埋场新污染物的环境管理提供科技支持.

The environmental safety of emerging contaminants(ECs)is receiving increasing attention because of their biotoxicity,environmental persistence,bioaccumulation and other characteristics,which pose potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.In recent years,various ECs have been detected in landfill leachate,making it a“source”of ECs that cannot be ignored.Based on the literatures,this review systematically summarized the distribution characteristics of typical ECs in China's landfill leachate,including pharmaceuticals and personal care products,antibiotic resistance genes,endocrine disrupting compounds,perfluorochemicals and microplastics,and discussed the factors affecting their distribution levels.Their migration behavior in surface water,soil,groundwater and other surrounding environmental media was analyzed,and the removal effect of ECs in different leachate treatment processes was compared.In general,the concentration range of ECs in landfill leachate in China is large,and the studies are main concentrated in the eastern developed regions,while less studies are conducted in the northeastern and northwestern less developed regions.The landfill age,physicochemical properties of leachate and natural conditions can affect the fate characteristics of ECs,but the specific influence mechanisms are not well understood.The ECs in landfill leachate can migrate to surrounding soil,surface water and groundwater through discharge and infiltration,but atmospheric transport has rarely been studied.The existing leachate treatment processes(biological and membrane treatment)can effectively remove most of the ECs,but the transformation patterns and removal mechanisms are still unclear.Finally,this review provides an outlook on the future research priorities of ECs in landfill leachate and provides scientific and technical support for the environmental management of ECs in landfills.