沙地蛋白桑引种栽培及其在陕北榆阳风沙区的适应性研究

Introduction and Cultivation of Protein Mulberry in Wind-sand Area of Northern Shaanxi and Its Adaptability Analysis

为研究不同品种蛋白桑在陕北榆阳风沙区的适应能力,以4种不同生态型的3年生蛋白桑(‘榆引桑-1’、‘榆引桑-2’、‘榆引桑-3’和‘榆引桑-4’)为材料,分别从农艺性状、生理生化特性、产量特性和品质等方面综合评价4种蛋白桑的适应性,为陕北风沙区蛋白桑育种提供新种质。研究结果表明,4种蛋白桑均具有较好的越冬性能,能在榆林地区安全越冬;‘榆引桑-1’的农艺性状均表现得比其他品种好(P<0.05)。生理生化特性分析表明,4个蛋白桑品种间除蒸腾速率外,叶绿素含量、净光合和瞬时水分利用效率均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中叶绿素含量和净光合速率均为‘榆引桑-1’最高,而瞬时水分利用效率为‘榆引桑-1’和‘榆引桑-4’最好。4个蛋白桑品种总产量之间差异不大,茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、单株生物学产量在各品种间存在一定差异,茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重最好的为‘榆引桑-1’和‘榆引桑-4’,而‘榆引桑-1’的单株生物学产量显著高于其他3个品种(P<0.05)。4个蛋白桑品种间粗脂肪含量、粗纤维含量和灰分无差异,但粗蛋白含量存在显著差异,其中,‘榆引桑-1’的粗蛋白含量最高为194.9g/kg,分别是‘榆引桑-2’、‘榆引桑-3’和‘榆引桑-4’的1.19、1.43、1.13倍。相关分析表明,桑树产量与净光合速率、瞬时水分利用效率、茎叶鲜重和茎叶干重呈显著正相关(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量与株高、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和茎叶鲜重极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综合隶属函数分析结果,‘榆引桑-1’可作为陕北榆阳风沙区较适宜的蛋白桑品种。

In order to study the adaptability of different protein mulberry varieties in the windy and sandy area of Yuyang in northern Shaanxi,four different ecotypes of three-year protein mulberry(‘Yuyinsang-1’,‘Yuyinsang-2’,‘Yuyinsang-3’and‘YuYinsang-4’)were used as materials.The adaptability of four kinds of protein mulberry was comprehensively evaluated from agronomic traits,physiological and biochemical characteristics,yield characteristics and quality.The results showed that the four kinds of protein mulberry had good overwintering performance and could overwinter safely in Yulin area.The agronomic characters of‘Yuyinsang-1’were better than other varieties(P<0.05).The analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and instantaneous water use efficiency(WUEi)among the four mulberry varieties except transpiration rate(Tr).The chlorophyll content and Pn of‘Yuyinsang-1’were the highest,while the WUEi of‘Yuyinsang-1’and‘Yuyinsang-4’were the best.The yield analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the total yield among the four protein mulberry varieties,but there were some differences in the fresh weight of stem and leaf,dry weight of stem and leaf and biological yield per plant.The best two varieties were‘Yuyinsang-1’and‘Yuyinsang-4’,and the biological yield per plant of‘Yuyensang-1’was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties(P<0.05).There were no differences in crude fat content,crude fiber content and ash content among the four protein mulberry varieties,but there were significant differences in crude protein content,of which the crude protein content of‘Yuyinsang-1’was the highest(194.9 g/kg),which were 1.19,1.43 and 1.13 times as much as‘Yuyinsang-2’,‘Yuyinsang-3’and‘YuYinsang-4’,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,instantaneous water use efficiency,fresh weight and dry weight of stem and leaf(P<0.05).The crude protein content was significantly positively correlated with plant height,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and fresh weight of stem and leaf(P<0.01).The results of comprehensive membership function analysis showed that‘Yuyinsang-1’could be used as a suitable protein mulberry variety in the sandy area of Yuyang in northern Shaanxi.