日本净化槽管理制度及对我国的启示

Japanese Purifying Tank Management System and Its Inspiration to China

净化槽是日本分散式农村生活污水处理的主要设施,也是农村生活污水治理的重要手段。当前,日本已经建立了较为完善的净化槽法律体系、管理体系和技术体系,通过完善制度实现了农村环境的持续改善。当前,我国农村生活污水治理工作面临着管理运维机制不健全、技术标准和规范不完善和公众参与度低等问题。日本净化槽管理制度的相关经验,对我国当前阶段的农村生活污水治理工作具有借鉴意义,能够进一步支撑农业农村污染治理,提升农村居民生活品质。针对这些问题,本文详细梳理总结日本净化槽体系发展过程中法律体系、组织管理、财政补贴、运维技术标准和公众激励方面的经验做法,从管理运维机制、技术标准规范和公众参与三个角度为我国农村生活污水治理工作提出可借鉴的经验启示。

Purification tank is the main facility of distributed rural domestic sewage treatment in Japan,and it is also an important means to treat rural domestic sewage.Japan has established a relatively complete legal system,management system and technical system of purification tank,and achieved continuous improvement of the rural environment through continuous improvement of the system.At present,China’s rural domestic sewage treatment work is faced with problems such as imperfect management and operation mechanism,imperfect technical standards and norms,and low public participation.In view of these problems,this paper summarizes the experience and practice of the legal system,organizational management,financial subsidies,operation and maintenance technical standards,and public incentives in the development process of the purification tank system in Japan in detail,and puts forward the experience and inspiration for China’s rural domestic sewage treatment from three aspects of management and operation mechanism,technical standards and norms and mass participation.The relevant experience of Japan’s purification tank management system has reference significance for the current stage of rural domestic sewage treatment in China,and can further support agricultural and rural pollution control and improve the quality of life of rural residents.