考虑可变接续时间窗的高铁周期列车运行图优化

Optimization of periodic high-speed train timetables with variable transfer connection time windows

精准高效的换乘接续设计对于周期列车运行图在我国的全面推广至关重要。我国高速铁路网络结构复杂、空间跨度广,不同距离的换乘客流OD所能接受的中转换乘时间范围有着明显的不同。现有研究对换乘接续时间的考虑多基于固定接续时间窗,造成实际换乘时间与各OD旅客可接受的换乘时间不匹配,限制了换乘服务水平的进一步提升。基于此,结合“事件-活动”网络和周期事件规划问题(Periodic Event Scheduling Problem,PESP),构建了考虑可变接续时间窗的高铁周期列车运行图优化模型,实现了列车接续关系选择、OD换乘接续关系分配、换乘时间优化的同步决策。模型首先引入OD换乘接续关系分配变量,使得模型可在优化过程中动态决策列车接续关系是否为特定客流OD提供服务。在此基础上,引入了可变接续时间窗约束,实现列车接续时间窗根据所分配客流OD合理换乘时间范围动态确定。同时,设计了最小化周期列车运行图换乘服务水平与理想服务水平偏差的线性化目标函数,使得模型得以在GUROBI整数规划求解器中求解。研究案例编制了京沪高铁以及与之衔接的部分高铁线路路网周期列车运行图,与固定换乘接续时间窗的研究案例相比,换乘服务频率和换乘接续时间指标均有显著提升,验证了所提模型的正确性及有效性。

Accurate and efficient design of transfer connections is crucial to the broad adoption of periodic train timetables in China’s complex and extensive high-speed rail network.Transfer time acceptance varies among passengers based on distance,yet many studies use fixed connection time windows,leading to mismatches between actual and acceptable transfer times,thus capping service level enhancements.To address this issue,a high-speed train timetable optimization model that considers variable connection windows was developed,leveraging the Event-Activity network and the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem(PESP).This model enables synchronized decisions on train connection choices,OD transfer allocations,and timing optimizations.The model introduces variables for OD transfer allocations,allowing flexibility in serving specific passenger flows during optimization.Moreover,variable transfer connection time windows were determined dynamically based on the reasonable transfer time ranges for passenger ODs,and the model aimed to minimize the deviation from ideal service levels.In case studies involving the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line,significant improvements were shown in transfer frequency and timing as compared to fixed-window approaches,thus proving the effectiveness.