考虑旅客有限理性的城际公交化列车开行频率优化

Optimizing the operating frequency of intercity public transport trains by considering the limited rationality of passengers

列车开行频率优化对提升城际铁路公交化运营收益水平和旅客满意度具有重要意义。通过分析有限理性条件下的乘车选择行为,构建了有限理性条件下城际铁路客流分配模型;通过构建列车候选集,以基于客流分配的列车客流与开行频率相关的成本为目标,考虑开行客流条件、客流守衡和区间运力等为约束,构建基于列车候选集与旅客有限理性的城际公交化列车开行频率多目标优化模型,并设计了一种NSGA—II算法进行求解。以长株潭城际公交化铁路为例验证模型和算法的有效性,并通过关键参数扰动分析,揭示不同客流OD和客流条件阈值对开行频率方案的影响机理。研究结果表明:在考虑旅客和企业双方效益下,开行频率方案更具多样性,且随开行频率增加,二者间的制约作用显著。随客流OD增大,模型解空间缩小,算法收敛性和解集多样性降低,优化梯度更倾向于增开站站停列车。此外,随客流阈值增加,有限理性行为对优化方案影响甚微,企业成本大幅降低。本研究可为铁路运营企业在城际公交化运营中的管理与决策提供参考。

Optimizing train operating frequency significantly improves the revenue level of intercity railway public transport operation and passenger psychological satisfaction.A passenger flow allocation model for intercity railways under limited rationality conditions was constructed by analyzing the passenger selection behavior under limited rationality conditions.By constructing a train candidate set,the cost related to train passenger flow and operating frequency based on passenger flow allocation was set as the objective,and constraints such as operating passenger flow conditions,passenger flow balance,and interval transportation capacity were considered.A multi-objective optimization model for intercity transit train operating frequency was constructed based on train candidate set and passenger limited rationality.The NSGA-II algorithm was utilized to solve the optimization model.The effectiveness of the model and algorithm was verified by taking Chang-Zhu-Tan intercity public transport railway as an example.Through key parameter perturbation analysis,the impact mechanism of different passenger flow origin-destination(OD)and passenger flow condition thresholds on the operating frequency scheme were revealed.The results show that considering the benefits of both passengers and businesses,the frequency of operation scheme was more diverse.As the frequency of operation increased,the constraining effect between the two was significant.As the passenger flow OD increased,the solution space of the model shrank,the convergence of the algorithm and the diversity of the solution set decreased,and the optimization gradient tended to increase the number of stopping trains at each station.In addition,as the passenger flow threshold increased,limited rationality behavior had little impact on the optimization plan,resulting in a significant reduction in enterprise costs.This study provides reference for the management and decision-making of railway operating enterprises in intercity public transport operations.