基于GCD-FER的大跨度钢桁架场馆施工安全风险评估研究

Research on safety risk assessment of large span steel truss stadiums construction based on GCD-FER

大型场馆多采用大跨度钢桁架作为屋面支撑结构,而大跨度钢桁架因其尺寸与质量大、拼接工序繁琐,施工过程中易发生安全事故,导致重大人员伤亡和经济损失,有必要探究和评估大跨度钢桁架场馆施工安全风险。基于“人员-材料设备-技术-环境-管理”框架,运用文献研究和专家讨论等来辨识安全风险,集成灰色关联度(GCD)与模糊证据推理(FER)构建相匹配的风险评估方法,并选用ZN大学体育馆项目开展案例实证。研究发现:大跨度钢桁架场馆施工安全风险清单包括施工人员、施工材料与设备、施工技术、施工环境、施工管理等5类1级安全风险以及21个2级安全风险;安全风险清单与评估方法可分别用来辨识相关安全风险因素和评估各级安全风险等级;实证研究揭示ZN大学体育馆项目的施工安全风险为中等级风险,施工管理风险与施工技术风险为显著的1级安全风险,钢桁架高空拼接技术不完备为显著的2级安全风险。研究可丰富大跨度钢桁架场馆施工安全风险评估的理论知识,为安全管理人员现场开展科学有效的安全管理提供参考。

Large stadiums often use large-span steel trusses(LSST)as the support structure for their roofs.Due to their large size and heavy weight,as well as the cumbersome splicing process,LSSTs are prone to safety accidents during construction,resulting in significant casualties and economic losses.Therefore,it is urgent to explore and evaluate the safety risks of LSST stadiums construction(LSSTSC)to better prevent safety accidents.This article was based on“personnel-material&equipment-technology-environment-management”framework,and utilized literature review and expert discussions to identify safety risks.It integrated grey correlation degree(GCD)and fuzzy evidence reasoning(FER)to establish a safety risk assessment method,and applied it to the ZN University gymnasium project to conduct a case study.It was found that the LSSTSC safety risk list includes first-level safety risks such as construction personnel,construction materials and equipment,construction technology,construction environment,and construction management,as well as 21 second-level safety risks.The safety risk list and assessment method can be used to identify relevant safety risks and assess the degree of safety risks at all levels.The case study revealed that the construction safety risk of the ZN University gymnasium project is classified as medium-level risk.The construction management risk and construction technology risk are identified as significant first-level safety risks,and the incomplete steel truss high-altitude splicing technology is a significant second-level safety risk.This study can enrich the theoretical knowledge of safety risk assessment for LSSTSC,and provide reference for safety management personnel to carry out on-site scientific and effective safety management.