有机物料还田对白浆土物理特性及玉米产量的影响

Effects of returning organic materials to field on physical properties of albic soil and maize yield

有机物料还田能够改善土壤物理性质,而对于存在障碍性白浆层的低产白浆土,施用不同有机物料对不同土层土壤物理性质及对作物产量影响研究较少。本研究以黑龙江省双鸭山市852农场管理区内典型白浆土为研究对象,通过连续两年不同有机物料还田的试验,探究无有机物料还田(CK)、秸秆还田(S)、有机肥还田(M)、秸秆+有机肥还田(SM)等在深翻条件下对白浆土全耕层(0~35 cm)物理特性以及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与对照CK比较,S、M和SM处理分别在0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层显著降低了土壤容重和土壤三相比偏离值,增加广义土壤结构指数;其中SM处理0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层土壤容重较CK分别显著降低4.71%和6.10%(P<0.05)。SM处理玉米产量显著高于其它处理,相比CK年平均增产2935 kg·hm^(−2)。相关性分析表明,15~35 cm土壤孔隙度、土壤容重及0~15 cm土壤容重对玉米产量的影响最为显著,其对玉米产量的贡献度分别达到7.32%、7.31%和6.98%。深翻配合秸秆和有机肥还田可以改善白浆土0~35 cm土层物理特性,促使土壤三相结构分布趋于理想状态,增加玉米产量,可为东北白浆土区域构建适宜作物生长的耕层提供理论依据和技术参考。

Returning organic materials to farmland can improve soil physical properties.For the low-yield albic soil with barrier albic layer,few studies were conducted on the effects of different organic materials on soil physical properties and crop yield in different soil layers.In this study,the typical albic soil in the management area of 852 farm,Shuangyashan City,Heilongjiang Province was taken as the research object.Through the experiment of returning different organic materials to the field for two consecutive years,the effects of no organic materials returning to the field(CK),straw returning to the field(S),organic fertilizer returning to the field(M),straw and organic fertilizer returning to the field(SM)on the physical characteristics of the whole plough layer(0-35 cm)of albic soil and corn yield under deep plowing conditions were explored.The results showed that compared with CK,S,M and SM treatments significantly reduce the soil bulk density and the deviation value of soil three phase ratio in the 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm soil layers,respectively,while increase the generalized soil structure index;the soil bulk density of SM treatment in 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm soil layers is significantly lower than that of CK by 4.71%and 6.10%,respectively(P<0.05).The maize yield of SM treatment is significantly higher than that of other treatments,with an average annual increase of 2935 kg·hm^(−2) compared with CK.Correlation analysis showed that 15-35 cm soil porosity,soil bulk density and 0-15 cm soil bulk density exhibit the most significant effects on maize yield,and their contribution to maize yield is 7.32%,7.31%and 6.98%,respectively.In summary,deep tillage combined with straw and organic fertilizer returning can improve the physical characteristics of the 0-35 cm soil layer of albic soil,promote the distribution of soil three-phase structure to an ideal state,and increase maize yield.This research provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the construction of suitable tillage layer for crop growth in the albic soil region of Northeast China.