陶瓷钎焊用钎料的国内外研究进展

Research Progress of Brazing Materials for Ceramic Brazing at Home and Abroad

陶瓷材料具有良好的抗高温、耐腐蚀等性能,对航空航天、化工、核能等领域的发展具有极大的影响。然而,陶瓷与异种材料的互连存在热膨胀系数不匹配等固有缺陷,其导致的残余应力过大、材料难以润湿等是当前相关行业急需解决的问题。钎焊是连接陶瓷材料的主要方法之一,所使用的钎料在很大程度上决定了钎焊接头的综合性能。目前,针对陶瓷材料的连接已开发出多种钎料,如Ag-Cu体系钎料、Ni基钎料、玻璃钎料、高熵合金钎料等,但实现以上钎料与陶瓷材料可靠连接的手段还尚未完善,使用不同体系钎料钎焊的接头性能存在差异。因此,本文综述了陶瓷材料与异种材料钎焊过程中存在的差异与问题,以期为后续陶瓷/异种材料连接的发展提供参考。

Ceramic materials have a far-reaching impact on the development of aerospace,chemical,nuclear energy and other fields due to their good resistance to high temperatures and corrosion.However,the interconnection of ceramics and dissimilar materials suffers from inherent defects such as mismatched coefficients of thermal expansion,which leads to excessive residual stresses and difficulty in wetting the materials,and so on,and is an urgent problem in the relevant industries at present.Brazing is one of the main methods for connecting ceramic materials,and the brazing material used largely determines the comprehensive performance of the brazed joint.At present,a variety of brazing materials have been developed for the connection of ceramic materials,such as Ag-Cu system brazing materials,Ni-based brazing materials,glass brazing materials,high-entropy alloy brazing materials,etc.However,the means of realizing reliable connection between the above brazing materials and ceramic materials has not yet been perfected,and there are differences in the joint performance of the joints brazed by using different systems of brazing materials.Therefore,this paper reviews the differences and problems in the brazing process of ceramic materials and dissimilar mate-rials,with a view to providing a reference for the subsequent development of ceramic/dissimilar materials connection.