跨海桥梁工程水下冲击打桩噪声特性分析及控制措施探讨

Analysis on Noise Characteristics of Underwater Impact Piling in Cross-sea Bridge Projects and Discussion on Control Measures

在跨海桥梁、海上风电等工程中,水下打桩是一种常见的作业方式,其产生的水下噪声对海洋生态环境的影响越来越受到关注。文章基于宁上高速东吾洋特跨海大桥打桩施工现场的实测水下噪声数据,分析了水下冲击打桩噪声的时频特性,其声源在时域表现为脉冲信号,峰值声压级可达240dB以上,频率主要集中在10~1000Hz频段,这与近海鲸类动物和声敏感鱼类的听力频段有部分重叠。基于水下打桩噪声产生的机理,探讨了控制水下打桩噪声的多种控制措施和降噪技术,包括选用低噪声设备、改变打桩参数、气泡帷幕及噪声屏障等,并结合施工环境逐一分析了可行性。

Underwater pile driving is a common operational method in engineering projects such as offshore bridges and offshore wind farms,and the impact of underwater noise on the marine ecological environment has attracted increasing attention.This paper analyzes the characteristics of underwater noise from impact pile driving based on on-site measured data during the construction of the Dong-Wu-Yang cross-sea bridge.Impact pile driving can create an intense,impulsive,and sharp sound,which has a peak sound pressure level more than 240dB re1μPa at 1m.The sound source frequency is mainly concentrated in the 10to 1000Hz frequency band,which has a strong impact on offshore cetaceans and sound-sensitive fish.Various measures to control underwater piling noise and adopting noise reduction technology were discussed,including selecting low-noise equipment,changing piling parameters,bubble curtain,and cofferdam,etc.,and the feasibility of which were analyzed according to the construction environment.