2017—2023年北京高考生物学试题对科学探究核心素养的考查分析

Analysis of the core competence of scientific inquiry in biology tests of Beijing College Entrance Examinations from 2017 to 2023

为深入了解高考生物学试题如何对科学探究核心素养进行考查,本文参照《普通高中生物学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》,对2017—2023年北京高考生物学试题中科学探究试题进行了系统分析。研究表明,科学探究类试题数量占比≥40%,包括选择题和非选择题2个题型,考查范围覆盖了高中生物学教材的5个模块20个章节,其中基因工程、基因和染色体的关系、免疫调节与细胞的能量供应和利用考查频率较高。在学业质量水平方面,选择题多处于水平1~2;非选择题的考查在4个水平均有涉及,其中在水平1、2、3和4的考查百分数分别为9%、40%、40%和11%;在学科能力方面,选择题主要考查理解和应用,非选择题侧重考查应用、思辨和创新。以高频考点基因工程为例,可以得出科学探究试题趋向于更为复杂的实验情境,学业质量水平和学科能力要求提高,并出现多个知识点交叉融合的综合性题目。本研究可为中学生物学科学探究核心素养的培养提供一些启示和参考。

In order to deeply understand how the biological college entrance examination tests the core competence of scientific inquiry,this paper systematically analyzes the scientific inquiry questions of Beijing College Entrance Examination from 2017 to 2023 with reference to the Biology Curriculum Standards for ordinary High Schools(2017 edition,2020 revision).The result shows that the proportion of scientific inquiry questions is≥40%,including two types of multiple choice questions and non-multiple choice questions,and the scope of tests covers 20 chapters in 5 modules of biology textbooks in high school.Among them,gene engineering,relationship between genes and chromosomes,immune regulation,and cell energy supply and utilization are more frequently examined.In terms of academic quality,multiple-choice questions are mostly at level 1 to 2,non-multiple-choice questions are involved at all four levels,the proportion of tests with 1 to 4 is 9%,40%,40%and 11%,respectively.In terms of discipline ability,multiple choice questions mainly test the ability such as understanding and application,while non-multiple choice questions focus on the ability such as application,speculation and innovation.Taking genetic engineering as an example,it is evident that scientific inquiries often involve complex experimental scenarios,high standards for academic quality and discipline ability,and integration with multiple knowledge points.This study can provide some enlightenment and reference for the cultivation of the core competence of science inquiry in biology at middle school.