中国实验猴产业的历史、现状、挑战与机遇

History,Current Status,Challenges and Opportunities of Laboratory Monkey Industry in China

实验动物在基础科学和临床医学研究中扮演着重要角色,常用的非人灵长类实验动物恒河猴和食蟹猴因与人类高度相似,长期以来备受关注。中国的非人灵长类实验动物产业经过半个多世纪的发展,已从初期的无序扩张逐渐迈向标准化和精细化的成熟阶段。然而,近年来全球生物医药研发势头迅猛,导致对非人灵长类实验动物的需求急剧上升,加之一些非人灵长类实验动物生产企业缺少长远考虑而致繁殖种群老化严重,繁殖力急剧下降,非人灵长类实验动物的供给缺口进一步扩大。在需求上升和供给下降的双重压力下,非人灵长类实验动物的价格急剧上涨。虽然近年来随着生物医药产业周期性下调,非人灵长类实验动物被需求的趋势有所放缓,其价格已有较大回落,但仍处于高位。同时,在价格高企的大背景下,非人灵长类实验动物产业内出现了种群繁殖能力退化加剧、微生物质量控制要求降低、遗传质量控制缺失和盲目投资建场等问题。本研究系统地回顾了中国非人灵长类实验动物(重点是实验猴)产业发展的历史与现状,探讨了当前行业格局的成因,以及面临的潜在挑战与机遇,期望能为中国非人灵长类实验动物产业的未来发展提供一些参考和启示。

Laboratory animals play a crucial role in foundational scientific research and clinical medicine.Non-human primates(NHP),particularly Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis,have long been highly valued due to their close resemblance to humans.After more than half a century of development,China's NHP laboratory animal industry has gradually transitioned from its early stage of rapid and unregulated growth to a mature stage of standardization and refinement.However,there has been a dramatic surge in global biopharmaceutical research in recent years,leading to a sharp increase in demand for NHP laboratory animals.This surge,coupled with the lack of long-term strategic planning among breeding enterprises,has resulted in severe aging of breeding populations and a significant decline in reproductive capabilities,further widening the supply gap.Under the dual pressures of rising demand and declining supply,the prices of NHP laboratory animals have surged.Although the cyclical downturn in the biopharmaceutical industry in recent years has lowered the demand for NHP laboratory animals to some extent,leading to significant price drops,the prices remain high.At the same time,against the backdrop of high prices,issues such as the accelerating aging of breeding populations,the lower standards for microbial quality control,insufficient genetic quality control,and blind investment in facility construction have emerged within the NHP laboratory animal industry.This report provides a comprehensive review of the history and current status of China's NHP laboratory animal industry,with a focus on laboratory monkeys.It explores the factors shaping the current industry landscape and identifies potential challenges and opportunities facing the industry.It aims to offer insights and references for the future development of China's NHP laboratory animal industry.