版纳微型猪1型糖尿病模型的构建方法初探

Preliminary Study on Construction Method of Type 1 Diabetes Model in Banna Miniature Pig

目的构建1型糖尿病微型猪模型,并探索有效延长模型猪生存周期的术后护理方案。方法选取7头版纳微型猪进行胰腺切除手术。术后3~5 d通过补充葡萄糖、维生素及抗生素等方法帮助其恢复。每日早晚两次检测血糖、尿糖水平,据此调整胰岛素补充量。每日巡视模型猪并记录其饮食欲、精神状态、虚弱程度、皮肤破损情况、粪尿量等数据,每周称量体重,直至动物死亡。根据模型猪状态及时给予葡萄糖注射液和乳酸林格氏液等以补充营养并纠正电解质失衡。结果7头版纳微型猪在胰腺切除术后均表现为随机血糖浓度大于11.1 mmol/L,远超正常猪的平均血糖值(6.0 mmol/L),尿糖阳性,且其体重呈渐进性下降等典型的糖尿病临床表征,提示1型糖尿病模型构建成功。此外,存活时间超过8周的1型糖尿病猪还出现了渐进性被毛脱落及皮肤破溃的情况;在模型猪无法站立乃至无法自主进食时进行安乐死,并采集其肝脏、肾脏及皮肤等受累及的器官组织进行病理组织切片及HE染色,病理组织切片也可见长期高血糖导致的肝脏淤血、肝糖原大量蓄积、肝细胞气球样变和渐进性肝脏纤维化,肾小球淤血、肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性和蛋白尿,真皮层出现淤血、血管壁变薄以及不同程度的角化不全和角化不良等肝脏、肾脏及皮肤组织病变。本研究构建的版纳微型猪糖尿病模型平均生存期为44 d,最长可生存121 d。结论通过胰腺切除术可成功建立版纳微型猪的1型糖尿病模型,进一步通过术后精心护理可获得并发症明显的长期1型糖尿病微型猪模型,这为1型糖尿病治疗策略研究提供了稳定的大动物模型。

Objective To construct a Type 1 diabetes model in miniature pigs and explore postoperative care strategies for effectively prolonging the survival time of the model pigs.Methods Seven Banna miniature pigs were selected for pancreatectomy.Glucose,vitamins,and antibiotics were administered for 3-5 days after surgery to aid recovery.Blood glucose and urine glucose levels were measured twice a day in the morning and evening to adjust insulin supplementation accordingly.The model pigs were observed daily and records were kept,including orexis,psychosis,weakness,skin ulcer,and feces and urine.Body weight was measured weekly until the death of the model animals.Based on the model pigs'condition,glucose injection and Ringer's lactate solution were administered to supplement nutrition and correct electrolyte imbalances.Results All seven Banna miniature pigs showed typical symptoms of diabetes:random blood glucose levels higher than 11.1 mmol/L after pancreatectomy,far exceeding the average blood glucose level of 6.0 mmol/L in normal pigs;positive urine glucose;and progressive weight loss.These features indicated the successful construction of Type 1 diabetes model.Additionally,Type 1 diabetic pigs that survived more than 8 weeks showed progressive hair loss and skin ulceration.Euthanasia was performed on model pigs when they were unable to stand or even eat independently,and pathological examination and HE staining were conducted on tissues collected from affected organs such as the liver,kidneys,and skin.Pathological sections revealed liver congestion,massive glycogen accumulation,ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes,and progressive liver fibrosis,along with glomerular congestion,vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells,proteinuria,dermal congestion,thinning of vascular walls,and varying degrees of parakeratosis and dyskeratosis in the liver,kidneys,and skin tissues due to prolonged hyperglycemia.The average survival time of the constructed Banna miniature pig diabetes model was 44 d,with a maximum survival time of 121 d.Conclusion Type 1 diabetes model can be constructed successfully in Banna miniature pigs through pancreatectomy.With meticulous postoperative care,a long-term Type 1 diabetes model with significant complications can be achieved,providing a stable large-animal model for Type 1 diabetes treatment strategies.