劳动力流动赋能城乡融合:理论机制与实证检验——基于安徽省6县1002个农户的问卷调查

Labor mobility empowers urban-rural integration:Theoretical mechanism and empirical testing——Based on a questionnaire survey of 1 002 farmers in 6 counties of Anhui province

城乡融合在构建新型城乡关系中发挥着基础性作用,劳动力流动则为城乡融合目标的实现提供了新的可能。安徽省作为传统的农业大省及全国农村劳动力转移大省,城乡融合问题是制约其经济发展的重要因素。因此,基于微观调研数据,探究安徽省劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的影响,并通过机制分析检验资源配置和人力资本在劳动力流动赋能城乡融合过程中的间接作用。研究发现:劳动力流动显著促进了城乡融合发展,这一结论在经过一系列严谨检验后依然成立;劳动力流动可以通过优化资源配置、聚集人力资本等路径有效推动城乡融合;劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的促进效应存在明显的区域异质性,尤其在对政策相对不完善地区的城乡融合促进上,其效应更为显著。基于此,为进一步全面深化改革、促进城乡融合发展、推进中国式现代化建设,提出应统筹资源配置、促进城乡产业融合,激发人才活力、增强城乡一体意识,完善市场规则、健全按要素分配制度,深化土地改革、推进新型城镇化建设,增强政策导向、规范劳动力有序流动等建议。

The integrated development of urban and rural areas is a key link in building a new type of urban-rural relationship, which is of great significance for promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and the high-quality development of the economy and society. As a traditional agricultural province and a major province for rural labor transfer in China, Anhui Province has particularly prominent issues with urban-rural integration. With the increase of urbanization rate, resources are concentrated in cities, and rural areas are facing the dilemma of declining vitality and factor loss, exacerbating the imbalance in urban-rural relations. In this context, labor mobility has become an important way to promote urban-rural integration and development. However, the specific impact mechanism and effect of labor mobility on urban-rural integration still need to be further studied.Based on micro survey data, this article takes Anhui Province as the specific research object and deeply explores the impact and internal mechanism of labor mobility on urban-rural integration development. The aim is to reveal the impact and internal mechanism of labor mobility on urban-rural integration development, especially the role of resource allocation and human capital, through empirical analysis. First, the significance of this study lies in providing new perspectives and evidence for the academic community to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between labor mobility and urban-rural integration;secondly, this study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for government departments to formulate relevant policies, and help achieve common prosperity and development between urban and rural areas;finally, it is of great practical significance to promote the construction of Chinese path to modernization and solve the problem of unbalanced development.This article mainly includes three parts: a theoretical analysis and proposal of research hypotheses, research design, and an empirical analysis and result discussion. First, as for the theoretical analysis and proposal of research hypotheses, based on existing literature and theoretical frameworks, this article analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of labor mobility on urban-rural integration, and proposes relevant hypotheses;secondly, the research design, includes data sources, variable definitions, model construction, etc. , to ensure the scientific and rigorous nature of the research;thirdly,, as for the empirical analysis and result discussion, this article uses micro survey data to test the impact and mechanism of labor mobility on urban-rural integration through econometric models.In terms of research methods, this article adopts a questionnaire survey method to collect data, involving 58 villages and 1 002 farmers in 6 counties of Anhui Province. The questionnaire covers basic information of the respondents, their understanding of the current situation of labor mobility affecting urban-rural integration, and factors affecting labor mobility. In terms of data processing, the entropy method is used to calculate the weights of various indicators, a comprehensive index of urban-rural integration constructed, and statistical methods such as regression analysis to test research hypotheses used.Through empirical analysis, this article draws the following main conclusions. (1) Labor mobility significantly promotes urban-rural integration development, and this conclusion still holds true after a series of rigorous tests, indicating that labor mobility is an important force in promoting urban-rural integration. (2) Labor mobility promotes urban-rural integration by optimizing resource allocation and gathering human capital. Specifically, labor mobility promotes the efficient allocation of urban and rural resources and the aggregation of human capital, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits, and narrowing the urban-rural gap. (3) The promotion effect of labor mobility on urban-rural integration development has regional heterogeneity, especially in areas with relatively incomplete policies, where the promotion effect of labor mobility is more significant, indicating that regional differences should be fully considered in policy making. .Based on the research findings, this article proposes the following policy recommendations. The first is to coordinate resource allocation, optimize urban-rural resource allocation, promote the flow of funds, technology, talents and other factors to rural areas, and promote rural industrial upgrading and economic development. The second is to promote the integration of urban and rural industries, strengthen cooperation and interaction between urban and rural industries, build industrial chains and clusters, enhance industrial competitiveness and overall development level. The third is to stimulate talent vitality, increase investment in public services such as rural education and healthcare, and enhance the ability of rural areas to attract and retain talent. The fourth is to improve market rules, establish a system of distribution based on factors, safeguard the rights and interests of labor mobility, and create a fair and just market environment. The fifth is to deepen land reform, promote rural land system reform, stimulate the vitality of rural land resources, and provide strong support for rural economic development. The sixth, is to promote the construction of new urbanization, strengthen the pace of new urbanization construction, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural infrastructure and public services. The seventh is to enhance policy guidance, formulate and implement more precise urban-rural integration policies, and guide the orderly flow and rational allocation of labor force.This study is beneficial for enriching the theoretical achievements in the field of labor mobility and urban-rural integration, and also provides strong theoretical support and practical guidance for practical policy formulation.