广东省R&D资本存量的测度、生产效率与政策效应

On the Measurement,Production Efficiency and Policy Effect of R&D Capital stock

本文研究目的是计算广东省R&D资本存量,探讨R&D资本化对GDP的影响,并以此考察工业企业R&D生产效率的影响因素及相关政策效果。采用2010—2020年广东省及21个地市工业企业面板数据,使用永续盘存法测算广东省及21个地市的R&D资本存量,并使用R&D强度,更好地反映了R&D投入状况。在计算R&D资本存量的基础上,构建柯布-道格拉斯知识生产函数模型进行分析,发现R&D资本存量和研发人员投入对R&D产出具有显著正效应,但研发人员产出弹性远高于资本存量,其中全时非全时工作人员比对新产品销售收入也具有显著正效应。企业规模、高薪技术企业减免税对R&D产出均具有显著正效应,但国有产权增加会导致R&D产出的下降,另外,境外技术引进仅对新产品销售收入具有显著正效应。最后,使用DID模型和平行趋势检验进行广东省内21个地市的政策评估,发现政策实施四年后对R&D劳动投入出现显著负效应,说明政策实施导致企业R&D劳动力投入下降,对广东省“十二五”后相关地市R&D政策效应评估为广东省未来R&D政策的制定提供了重要参考。根据研究结果,提出以下政策建议:在政策的设定上,应设定更合理的高薪企业认定标准,并考虑企业可能存在的欺骗空间,确保政策资金的扶持更为合理地流动;在R&D政策制定上,应更多刺激民营经济的科技创新活力,加快形成新质生产力。同时,应充分发挥R&D政策的示范引领效应,促进企业更新升级。

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the R&D capital stock in Guangdong Province,explore the impact of R&D capitalization on GDP,and investigate the influencing factors of R&D production efficiency of industrial enterprises and the effect of relevant policies.Based on the data of industrial enterprises in Guangdong Province and 21 cities from 2010 to 2020,this paper constructs a knowledge production function model.The results show that R&D capital stock and labor input have a significant positive effect on R&D output.Other factors such as enterprise scale and state-owned property rights will also have varying degrees of impact.Furthermore,we use the policy evaluation model to evaluate the R&D policies of relevant cities in Guangdong Province after the 12th Five Year Plan.The conclusion of this paper provides a useful reference for the formulation of R&D policy in Guangdong Province in the future.Based on the research findings,the following policy recommendations are proposed.Firstly,in policy formulation,more reasonable criteria for identifying high-paying enterprises should be established,taking into account the potential for deception by enterprises,to ensure that policy funds are more reasonably distributed.secondly,in the formulation of R&D policies,more incentives should be provided to stimulate the technological innovation vitality of the private economy,accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.Last,the demonstrative and leading effect of R&D policies should be fully utilized to promote enterprise renewal and upgrading.