嘉兴地区老年高血压患者的血压达标及疾病知晓和自我控制情况

Blood pressure,disease awareness and self-control of elderly hypertensive patients in Jiaxing Area

目的调查了解嘉兴地区老年高血压患者血压达标及疾病知晓和自我控制情况,为针对性干预提供思路。方法选取嘉兴五县两区的990名老年高血压患者作为调查对象,收集患者人口学特征及血压达标、临床表现与并发症、疾病知识知晓、自我控制情况。结果调查结果显示,年龄为60~<70岁、70~<90岁、血压分级为1级的患者,血压达标率高于90岁及以上、血压分级为3级的患者,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);占比较高的临床表现为头晕(11.51%)、头痛(8.60%)、烦躁(7.49%),占比较高的并发症为糖尿病(12.63%)、缺血性卒中(5.36%)。调查对象对高血压诊断标准、发病危险因素、并发症及治疗、服药原则的知晓率分别为57.32%、68.49%、81.12%、78.44%、75.75%,其自我管理控制标准化得分为63.37%。结论嘉兴地区老年高血压患病率随年龄增长而上升,疾病知识知晓率较低,自我管理控制情况较差。

Objective To investigate the achievement of blood pressure control,disease awareness,and self-management among elderly hypertensive patients in the Jiaxing Area,and to provide ideas for targeted interventions.Methods A total of 990 elderly hypertensive patients from the five counties and two urban districts of Jiaxing were selected as the subjects of the survey.Demographic characteristics of the patients,as well as blood pressure control,clinical manifestations and complications,disease knowledge awareness,and self-management status were collected.Results The survey results indicated that patients aged 60 to<70 years and 70 to<90 years,as well as those with grade 1 blood pressure classification,had higher rates of blood pressure control compared to patients aged 90 years and above and those with grade 3 hypertension,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The most common clinical manifestations reported were dizziness(11.51%),headache(8.60%),and irritability(7.49%),while the most prevalent complications were diabetes(12.63%)and ischemic stroke(5.36%).The awareness rates among the study subjects regarding hypertension diagnostic criteria,risk factors,complications and treatment,and medication adherence principles were 57.32%,68.49%,81.12%,78.44%,and 75.75%,respectively.The standardized self-management control score among the surveyed elderly hypertensive patients was 63.37%.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in the Jiaxing Area increases with age,while the awareness of disease knowledge is relatively low,and self-management control is poor.