杉木无性系生长和干形性状的遗传变异及多性状指数选择

Genetic variation and multi-trait index selection of growth andstem form traits of Chinese fir clones

掌握植物重要性状变异情况对遗传资源保护及再利用有重要意义。为选择出适于湖南省杉木高效栽培的新种质资源,比较分析了湖南省会同县广坪国有林场的60个18年生杉木无性系的生长性状(胸径、树高、材积、冠幅)和干形性状(枝下高、冠长、冠长率、高径比、冠高比和胸高形数)等林木特征因子,并采用多性状指数函数对无性系进行了综合评价。结果表明:60个杉木无性系的树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅、枝下高、冠长、冠长率、高径比、冠高比和胸高形数的平均值分别为16.5 m、26.80 cm、0.5042 m 3、5.78 m、2.15 m、14.35 m、0.87、62.23、0.1854、0.5082,生长和干形性状在无性系间差异极显著,受较强的遗传控制,且生长性状、干形性状间存在不同程度的表型和遗传相关性;以10%入选率为目标,通过等权值的多性状指数方程I 2选择出排名前6的无性系分别为26、31、1110、35、1108、1204;通过强调生长的多性状指数方程I 6选择出排名前6的无性系分别为26、31、1110、35、1204、27;通过强调干形的多性状指数方程I 10选择出排名前6的无性系分别为26、1110、31、1108、2、1204。无性系26、31、1110和1204可作为入选的生长、干形兼优的杉木优良无性系在生产中大力推广。

It is of great significance to grasp the variation of important traits in plants for the conservation and reuse of genetic resources.In order to select new germplasm resources suitable for the efficient cultivation of Chinese fir in Hunan Province,the growth traits(DBH,tree height,timber volume,crown width)and stem form traits(height under branch,crown length,crown ratio,height-diameter ratio,crown-height ratio and breast-height form factor)of 6018-year-old Chinese fir clones in Guangping State-owned Forest Farm in Huitong County,Hunan Province were compared and analyzed,and the multi-trait index function was used to comprehensively evaluate the clones.The results showed that the average tree height,DBH,individual volume,crown width,height under branch,crown length,crown ratio,height-diameter ratio,crown-height ratio,and breast-height form factor of 60 Chinese fir clones were 16.5 m,26.80 cm,0.5042 m 3,5.78 m,2.15 m,14.35 m,0.87,62.23,0.1854,and 0.5082,respectively.There were significant differences in growth and stem shape traits among clones,which were strongly controlled by heredity,and there were different degrees of phenotypic and genetic correlation between growth and stem shape traits.With a 10%selection rate,the top six clones selected by the multi-trait index equation I 2 with equal weights were 26,31,1110,35,1108,and 1204,respectively.The top six clones selected by the multi-trait index equation I 6 emphasizing growth were 26,31,1110,35,1204,and 27,respectively.The top six clones selected by multi-trait index equation I 10 emphasizing stem form were 26,1110,31,1108,2,and 1204,respectively.Among them,clones 26,31,1110,and 1204 could be selected as excellent clones ot Chinese fir with excellent growth traits and stem shape,which could be vigorously promoted in production.