陆地棉果枝夹角与机采农艺性状鉴定评价

Identification and evaluation of fruit branch angle and machine-picked agronomic traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.

【目的】分析不同陆地棉种质的果枝夹角与机采农艺性状相关性,研究产量高、适合机采的果枝夹角范围,筛选出适合机采的棉花品种。【方法】对300份陆地棉种质的果枝夹角及相关农艺性状进行描述统计、相关性、聚类和主成分分析。【结果】除果枝数、衣分、单铃重、果枝夹角等性状变异系数小于10%,其余7个性状均大于10%,其中单株铃数变异系数最大,为25.28%。果枝夹角与单铃重、皮棉质量、有效果枝数等产量性状呈极显著正相关。在欧式距离为4时,300份陆地棉种质可根据果枝夹角大小可以分成5个类群,分别是47.5°~50.1°、50.9°~55.5°、55.7°~58.5°、58.6°~62.8°、63.2°~66.5°。第Ⅰ类群的果枝夹角最小,植株矮小,产量潜力低。第Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群果枝夹角大小适宜,株高适合,植株较紧凑,株型多为塔型、筒型,便于机采且产量较高。第IV、V类群,果枝夹角偏大,株型多为塔型和倒塔型,产量高,丰产潜力大。共提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率达74.87%,解释了300份陆地棉资源农艺性状大部分信息,主成分因子分别为果枝始节高度、有效果枝数、单铃重。【结论】陆地棉果枝夹角与产量性状呈极显著正相关,在果枝夹角范围在47.5°~65.5°时,果枝夹角越大,产量性状越高。当果枝夹角角度范围在50.9°~58.5°时,棉花的植株紧凑,株型多为塔型、筒型且产量较高,对该区间的棉花品种进行综合得分评价,筛选出10个适宜机采的棉花品种作为优良育种材料。

【Objective】To make the correlation analysis between the angle of fruit branches of upland cotton resources and the agronomic traits in the hope of finding the range of fruit branches the agricultural characteristics of the machine,and select the cotton varieties suitable for the machineangle suitable for machine picking with high yield and selecting the cotton varieties suitable for the machine.【Methods】Descriptive statistics,correlation,clustering and principal component analysis were carried out on fruit branch angle and agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton germplasm resources.【Results】The variation coefficient of the other 7 traits was greater than 10%except for the number of fruit branches,coat fraction,weight of single boll and angle of fruit branches,and the variation coefficient of the number of boll per plant was the largest,which was 25.28%.There was significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield characters such as boll weight,lint quality and effective fruit branch number.When the Euclidean distance was 4,300 pieces of upland cotton could be divided into 5 groups according to the size of the angle between the fruit branches,which are 47.5°-50.1°,50.9°-55.5°,55.7°-58.5°,58.6°-62.8°and 63.2°-66.5°.Group I had the smallest fruit branch angle,short plants and low yield potential.The fruit branch angle size and the plant height of the second and third group were suitable,the plants were compact,the plant type was mostly tower type,barrel type,easy to pick and the yield was higher.As for class IV and V,the branch angle their plant type was mostly tower type and inverted tower type,and their yields were high with high yield potential.A total of 4 principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 74.87%,which explained most of the information of agronomic traits of 300 upland cotton resources.The principal component factors were respectively the height of the beginning of fruit branch,the number of effective fruit branch and the weight of single boll.【Conclusion】There is a significant positive correlation between fruit branch angle and yield traits in upland cotton.When the branch branch angle is 47.5°-65.5°,the larger the branch angle is,the higher the yield traits are.When the angle range of fruit branches is 50.9°-58.5°,the cotton yield is higher and meets the requirements of machine-picked cotton.The comprehensive score evaluation of cotton varieties in this range is carried out,and 10 cotton varieties suitable for machine-picked cotton varieties are selected as excellent breeding materials.