钾肥用量对滴灌谷子生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of potassium fertilizer dosage on growth and yield of drip irrigated millet in northern Xinjiang

【目的】分析新疆北疆谷子适宜钾肥用量及对其生长发育的影响,为新疆北疆生态区春播谷子高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以豫谷18号为试材,设5种钾肥用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2))的大田试验。测定谷子干物质含量积累、叶绿素含量、节间充实度、农艺性状及产量等指标。【结果】随着施钾量的增加,各农艺指标呈现单峰曲线变化,K_(225)处理为峰值,株高、穗长、穗粗、茎基粗、叶长及叶宽相比K0处理显著增加8.1%、26.1%、20.9%、22.6%、12.9%及9.4%。与对照(0 kg/hm^(2))相比,施钾处理使豫谷18号显著增产1.2%~6.4%,钾肥用量225 kg/hm^(2)处理产量最高,为7891.1 kg/hm^(2)。与对照(0 kg/hm^(2))相比,花后各时期的叶绿素含量显著增加,呈先增加后下降的趋势,在K_(225)处理下达到峰值。干物质含量积累随生育期的延长呈“J”型曲线变化,干物质含量积累速率呈单峰曲线变化,最大积累速率在抽穗期-齐穗期达到顶峰。【结论】适量钾肥施入,对新疆北疆地区谷子生长发育影响显著,K_(225)处理为新疆谷子钾肥最佳施用量。

【Objective】In order to clarify the appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer and its influence on the growth and development of millet in North Xinjiang,and to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of spring sowing millet in North Xinjiang.【Methods】Five kinds of potassium fertilizer(0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm^(2))were used in field tests with Yugu 18 as test material.Dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content,internode fullness,agronomic characters and yield of millet were determined.【Results】With the increase of potassium application,agronomic indexes showed unimodal curve change,and the highest value was found in K_(225) treatment.Compared with K0 treatment,plant height,ear length,ear diameter,stem base diameter,leaf length and leaf width were significantly increased by 8.1%,26.1%,20.9%,22.6%,12.9%and 9.4%.Compared with the control(0 kg/hm^(2)),Yugu 18 was significantly increased by 1.2%-6.4%under potassium application,and the highest yield was 7,891.1 kg/hm^(2)under 225 kg/hm^(2)potassium application.(2)Compared with the control(0 kg/hm^(2)),chlorophyll content increased significantly in each period after anther,showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and reached the peak value under K_(225) treatment.The dry matter accumulation showed a"J"shaped curve with the extension of growth period,and the dry matter accumulation rate showed a single-peak curve,and the maximum accumulation rate reached its peak from heading stage to full head stage.Moreover,the basal internode fullness increased obviously with the increase of potassium fertilizer.【Conclusion】the application of appropriate potash fertilizer has a significant effect on the growth and development of millet in northern Xinjiang,and K_(225) treatment is the best application amount of potash fertilizer in Xinjiang.