库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用

Effect of horticultural pruning of Korla fragrant pear trees during the growth period on pear fire blight

【目的】研究库尔勒香梨生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用,为控制梨火疫病扩散蔓延和过度修剪提供一定的技术支持。【方法】2022年5月11日开始,每隔10 d采集梨树发病枝条,取病健交界(距离病健交界5、10、15、20 cm处)韧皮部和木质部的部位,于室内检测病原菌。在5~10月,每月在病健交界处修剪,分析修剪对梨园内梨火疫病的控制作用。4月15日开始,每隔10 d在梨园内在发病枝条病健交界处(距离病健交界5、15、30 cm)进行修剪,分析田间不同修剪长度下对梨火疫病的控制效果。【结果】距离病健交界15 cm处未检测到病原菌。5~10月在病健交界处修剪,可将梨园内发病棵数从11棵降低为5棵,侵染点数由17个降为9个,距离病健交界15 cm处修剪,减少病枝带菌量,剪口处梨火疫病不易复发。【结论】从病健交界处修剪对梨火疫病具有一定控害作用,但存在修剪口梨火疫病反复发生的现象。为防止梨火疫病在剪口处复发,应距离病健交界处至少15 cm剪除病枝。

【Objective】To study the effect of long-term horticultural pruning technology on pear fire disease control and provide some technical support for controlling the spread of pear fire disease and preventing excessive pruning.【Methods】Starting from May 11,2022,the diseased shoots of pear trees were collected every 10 days,and the phloem and woody parts were separated from the disease-health junction at 5 cm,10,15 and 20 cm away from the disease-health junction,and the presence of pathogenic bacteria was detected indoors.From May to October,pruning was carried out monthly at the junction of disease and health to observe the control effect of pruning on pear fire blight in pear orchards.Starting from April 15,2022,pruning was carried out every 10 days in pear orchards at the junction of diseased shoots and health at 5,15 and 30 cm away from the junction of disease.【Results】Indoor testing found that no pathogenic bacteria could be detected at 15 cm from the junction of disease and health,and pruning at the junction of disease and health from May to October reduces the number of sick trees in pear orchards from 11 to 5,and the number of infection points decreased from 17 to 9.【Conclusion】In summary,pruning from the junction of disease and health has a certain control effect on pear fire blight,but there is a phenomenon of repeated occurrence of cut pear fire blight.To prevent the recurrence of pear fire blight at the incision site,the diseased branches should be cut at least 15 cm away from the junction of the diseased and healthy.