“三孩”背景下我国生育支持政策的问题研究和对策分析

On Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Fertility Support Policies Under the Background of the“Three-Child”Policy

为了进一步优化生育政策,2021年5月我国开始全面实施三孩生育政策及配套支持措施,这是我国在面临严重的人口老龄化、消失的人口红利、失衡的人口结构以及低迷的人口出生率等诸多问题时所作出的重要政策调整。然而,自三孩生育政策出台至今,我国人口出生率的持续下降趋势并未得到逆转,低生育率和低生育意愿已经成为我国发展面临的重要难题,尽快构建完善的生育支持政策体系迫在眉睫。我国现行的生育支持政策存在一定的不足,需进一步完善顶层设计、构建生育支持服务体系、优化相关支持政策。

In order to further optimize the birth policy,China began to fully implement the three-child policy and supporting measures in May 2021,which is an important policy adjustment made by China in the face of serious population aging,disappearing demographic dividend,unbalanced population structure and low birth rates.However,since the implementation of the three-child policy,the continuous downward trend of China’s birth rate has not been reversed.Low fertility rate and low willingness to have children have become important challenges for China’s development.It is urgent to build a sound fertility support policy system as soon as possible.The current fertility policies in China have certain shortcomings and need to be further improved in terms of top-level design,the construction of a fertility support service,and the optimization of relevant support policies.