新质生产力“核心要素”与“核心标志”关系的经济学解析

Economic Analysis of the Relationship Between“Core Elements”and“Core Symbols”of New Quality Productive Forces

高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导,理论上阐述清楚新质生产力,对指导新的发展实践具有重要意义。科技创新是新质生产力的核心要素,全要素生产率大幅提升是新质生产力的核心标志,这两者是怎样的关系,值得深入解析。本文从技术革命视角探究了生产力演化简史,界定了新一轮技术和产业革命深入发展催生的新质生产力;运用生产可能性曲线对全要素生产率进行了分解;借助生产可能性曲线和产业生命周期曲线分析了现有产业关键核心技术突破对现有生产力保护、前沿关键核心技术突破对新质生产力发展的经济学机理。研究发现:科技创新是全要素生产率大幅提升的核心因素;科技创新的实质是关键核心技术突破,第一类关键核心技术突破可以保护现有生产力,第二类关键核心技术突破可以发展新质生产力。本文研究对以关键核心技术突破的科技创新和生产力发展具有理论指导意义和实践参考价值。

High‑quality development needs a new theory of productive forces,and it is of great significance to explain the guidance of new quality productive forces for the new development practice from a theoretical perspective.Scientific and technological innovation is the core element of new quality productive forces and total factor productivity(TFP)improvement is the core symbol of new quality productive forces.The relationship between the two is worth analyzing in depth.This paper employs the production possibility curve and the industrial life cycle curve as analytical tools to explore the evolution and economic mechanism of new quality productive forces from an economic perspective.First,this paper investigates the brief history of the evolution of productive forces from the perspective of the technological revolution,defines new quality productive forces generated by the in‑depth development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.Second,the production possibility curve is used to decompose TFP.Finally,leveraging the production possibility curve and the industrial life cycle curve,this paper analyzes the economic mechanism of the key core technology breakthroughs in existing industries protecting existing productive forces and the cutting‑edge key core technology breakthroughs generating new quality productive forces.Research results show that scientific and technological innovation,the“core element”of new quality productive forces,is an important contributor to TFP as a“core symbol”,and the essence of scientific and technological innovation is key technology breakthroughs.These breakthroughs are divided into two types:one is technological breakthroughs that protect existing productive forces,mainly solving the problem of“stuck”key core technologies in existing industries;the other is technological breakthrough that promotes the development of new quality productive forces,involving innovations in cutting‑edge key core technologies.This paper expands on existing research in the following two aspects.First,starting from economic principles,it systematically interprets the relationship between the“core elements”and“core signs”in the new quality productive forces,clearly distinguishes the different impacts of protective and developmental types of key core technology breakthroughs on new quality productive forces,and deepens the understanding of the internal mechanism of the new quality productive forces.Second,the application of the production possibility curve and the industrial life cycle curve to the analysis of the new quality productive forces enriches the theoretical system of productive forces economics,providing theoretical guidance and practical reference value for guiding scientific and technological innovation and the development practice of productive forces.