当归种子航天诱变二代(SP_(2))性状研究

Study on the Traits of the Second Generation(SP_(2))Seed Induced by Space Mutagenesis of Angelica sinensis

当归为我国大宗中药材品种之一,但种性退化导致药材产量与质量下降,因此亟待加强当归种质创新和新品种选育研究。为探究创造优良变异群体的途径,本研究通过航天器搭载当归种子(搭载22 h,命名为航归22 h;搭载33 d,命名为航归33 d),获得SP0代当归诱变群体,以岷县当地栽培品种为对照(岷归CK),与经SP1代育苗栽培获得的SP2代种子繁殖期性状进行比较。结果表明,在种子繁殖期,航归植株株高均大于岷归CK,航归22 h植株株幅大于航归33 d。在植株采挖期,航归植株株高和根粗均大于岷归CK,株幅均小于岷归CK;航归22 h根长和根重分别较岷归CK提高5.06%和200.41%,航归33 d根长和根重分别较岷归CK降低15.00%和27.41%。航归22 h醇溶性浸出物含量较岷归CK提高5.46个百分点,航归33 d较岷归CK降低7.39个百分点;航归22 h和航归33 d阿魏酸含量分别较岷归CK提高0.2100和0.0527个百分点。航归植株伞数均大于岷归CK,航归22 h和航归33 d种宽分别较岷归CK降低1.67%和8.57%;航归22 h种长、百粒重和种果重分别较岷归CK提高5.81%、36.16%和75.15%;航归33 d种长、百粒重和种果重分别较岷归CK降低2.64%、9.30%和91.22%。航归22 h发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别较岷归CK提高16.00、16.00和5.11个百分点,航归33 d发芽率和发芽指数分别较岷归CK提高5.00和1.86个百分点,发芽势较岷归CK降低8.00个百分点。综上,经航天搭载当归种子选育获得的植株性状表现出不同程度变异趋势。本研究为当归优良性状的定向选育积累了宝贵的优异种质。

Angelica sinensis is one of the major varieties of Chinese medicinal materials in China.The degradation of species has led to a decline in the yield and quality of medicinal materials,making it urgent to strengthen germplasm innovation and breeding research of Angelica sinensis.To explore ways to create a superior mutant population,in this study,the mutagenic population of Angelica sinensis of the SP0 generation was obtained by carrying Angelica sinensis seeds on a spacecraft(carrying 22 h,named Hanggui 22 h;carrying 33 d,named Hanggui 33 d).Local cultivars in Minxian were used as the control(Mingui CK)to compare the reproductive traits of SP2 seeds obtained through SP1 generation seedling cultivation.The results showed that during the seed breeding period,the plant height of Hanggui plants was higher than Mingui CK,and the plant width of Hanggui 22 h plants was larger than Hanggui 33 d.During the plant harvesting period,the plant height and root diameter of the Hanggui plants were higher than those of Mingui CK,while the plant width was lower than Mingui CK.The root length and weight of Hanggui 22 h were 5.06%and 200.41%higher than that of Mingui CK,while the root length and weight of Hanggui 33 d were 15.00%and 27.41%lower than those of Mingui CK,respectively.The alcohol-soluble extract content of Hanggui 22 h was 5.46 percentage points higher than that of Mingui CK,and that of Hanggui 33 d was 7.39 percentage points lower than Mingui CK.The ferulic acid content of Hanggui 22 h and Hanggui 33 d was 0.2100 and 0.0527 percentage points higher than Mingui CK,respectively.The number of umbrellas of Hanggui plants was higher than Mingui CK,the seed width of Hanggui 22 h and Hanggui 33 d were 1.67%and 8.57%lower than Mingui CK.The seed length,100-grain weight and fruit weight of Hanggui 22 h were 5.81%,36.16%and 75.15%higher than Mingui CK.The seed length,100-grain weight and fruit weight of Hanggui 33 d were 2.64%,9.30%and 91.22%lower than Mingui CK,respectively.Compared with Mingui CK,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index of Hanggui 22 h increased by 16.00,16.00 and 5.11 percentage points,while the germination rate and germination index of Hanggui 33 d increased by 5.00 and 1.86 percentage points,and the germination potential decreased by 8.00 percentage points,respectively.In conclusion,the traits of Angelica sinensis obtained by space-borne seed selection showed different variation trends,accumulating valuable excellent germplasm for the directional selection of Angelica sinensis.