行间生草对霞多丽葡萄及葡萄酒品质的影响研究

Effect of Inter-Row Planting Grass on the Quality of Chardonnay Grapes and Wines

为探索适宜的酿酒葡萄生态栽培管理模式,以清耕葡萄园为对照,研究行间种植湖南稷子、箭筈豌豆、黑麦草和红豆草对霞多丽葡萄果实及葡萄酒品质的影响。结果表明,相较于对照,行间生草处理提高了土壤全氮、全磷、有机质、速效磷和碱解氮含量,降低了土壤pH值。4种生草处理的总糖含量显著高于对照,其中湖南稷子处理的葡萄总糖含量最高,较对照高出11.77%;4种生草处理的总酸含量显著高于对照、pH值显著低于对照,其中箭筈豌豆总酸含量最高、pH值最低,分别为5.47 g·L^(-1)和3.55;4种生草处理葡萄总酚及总黄烷酮含量较对照有显著提高,其中箭筈豌豆、湖南稷子处理果皮和果籽的总酚含量分别较对照提高32.10%、48.20%和22.32%、25.18%。在葡萄酒中共检测出47种香气成分,其中酯类物质含量最多,共22种,醇类物质15种,脂肪酸类物质5种;4种生草处理的香气物质总量均高于对照,主要表现为重要酯类物质含量的增加,其中湖南稷子处理香气物质总量最高。综上,行间生草提高了贺兰山东麓葡萄园的土壤养分含量,对产区土壤具有一定的改良作用;湖南稷子和箭筈豌豆两种草种对霞多丽葡萄与葡萄酒品质的提升效果较好,适宜在贺兰山东麓葡萄园推广。本研究结果为葡萄园生草模式和种类选择提供了理论依据。

In order to explore a suitable ecological management model for wine grapes,the effects of inter-row planting echinochloa frumentacea,common vetch,ryegrass and sainfoin on the fruit and wine quality of Chardonnay grapes were investigated,with a clean tillage vineyard as a control.The results showed that interrow planting grass increased soil total N,total P,organic matter,available P and alkali-hydrolyzable N content,and decreased soil pH,compared with the control.The total sugars of the four raw herbaceous treatments were significantly higher than the control,the echinochloa frumentacea treatment had the highest total grape sugars,which was 11.77%higher than the control.The four planting grass treatments had significantly higher total acid and lower pH than those of the control,planting common vetch had the highest titratable acid(5.47 g·L^(-1))and the lowest pH(3.55).The total phenol and total flavanone contents of grapes from the four planting grass treatments were significantly higher than those of the control,planting common vetch and echinochloa frumentacea increased the total phenol contents of grape skins and seeds by 32.10%and 48.20%,22.32%and 25.18%,respectively,compared to the control.A total of 47 aroma components were detected in the wines,of which ester compounds were the most abundant,with 22 species,alcohol compounds 15,and fatty acid compounds 5 species.All the four planting grass treatments had higher total aroma than that of the control,mainly manifested in the increase of important ester compounds,the echinochloa frumentacea treatment had the highest total aroma.In conclusion,inter-row planting grass improved soil nutrients in the vineyards of the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains.The echinochloa frumentacea and common vetch have better effects on the quality enhancement of Chardonnay grapes and wines,and are suitable for promotion in the vineyards of the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains.The research results provide theoretical basis for grass planting patterns and species selection in the vineyard.