纳米硒在植物营养获取和抵抗胁迫中的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Nano-Selenium in Plant Nutrient Acquisition and Stress Resistance

硒(Se)是人类、动物和微生物健康所必需的微量元素。近年来,纳米硒(SeNPs)因优异的生物相容性、生物利用度和低毒性等特性而成为研究热点。SeNPs被广泛应用于增强作物光合能力、抗氧化性和营养获取,以及减少植物遭受的重金属毒害和胁迫损伤等农业领域。在纳米技术、可持续农业和环境问题研究日益重要背景下,对SeNPs可能改变植物生长、发育和新陈代谢的研究将会不断增加。本文对比了SeNPs的三种合成方法、合成过程及其在植物体内的转运方式;综述了SeNPs在提升植物营养获取及产量和品质方面的作用;重点描述了SeNPs施用在植物抵抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫中的优势;并对影响SeNPs作用效果的因素进行分析,以及对未来发展的趋势进行讨论,旨在为作物抗逆分子机制解析及其育种提供新的思路和方法。

Selenium(Se)is an essential trace element for the health of humans,animals,and microorganisms.In recent years,nano-selenium(SeNPs)have emerged as a research hotspot due to their remarkable biocompatibility,bioavailability,and low toxicity.SeNPs have been widely utilized in agriculture to enhance crop photosynthetic capacity,antioxidant activity,nutrient acquisition,as well as to mitigate heavy metal toxicity and stress damage in plants.With the increasing importance of nanotechnology,sustainable agriculture,and environmental issues,studies on the potential impacts of SeNPs on plant growth,development,and metabolism will continue to increase.This review provided a comparative analysis of three synthesis methods,the synthesis process,and the transportation mechanisms of SeNPs within plants.Furthermore,it comprehensively reviewed the roles of SeNPs in improving plant nutrient acquisition,yield and quality.The advantages of SeNPs application in enhancing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses were highlighted.Moreover,factors that affected the efficacy of SeNPs were critically analyzed,and the trends for future development were discussed.The aim of this study was to provide novel insights and methodologies for understanding the molecular mechanisms of crop stress resistance and breeding strategies.