宁夏高污秽地区绝缘子表面污秽的表征与积污特性研究

Characterization and Contamination Characteristics of Insulator Surface in High Pollution Area of Ningxia

宁夏高污秽地区工业排放与扬沙天气等的作用下,会使输电线路绝缘子形成表面积污,污秽中可溶性盐含量及污秽成分对于污秽评级及防污闪具有重要指导意义。本研究通过采集宁夏四个高污秽地区89个绝缘子表面污秽样品,测得等值盐密和灰密数据,并选取四个地区的典型样品对其微观形貌、元素组成、可溶盐中阴阳离子及不溶物成分进行分析。结果表明:宁夏高污秽地区绝缘子污秽的灰盐比较大,在4~7之间;大气中可悬浮颗粒粉尘是造成绝缘子表面积污的主要来源,污秽粒径主要集中在10μm左右;在双气氛条件下对污秽进行TG-MS分析,发现在惰性气氛下,烧失量在28%~34%,在空气气氛下,烧失量在0.2%以下,污秽中碳元素主要以碳酸盐形式存在;污秽中的可溶盐成分主要有硫酸盐、氯盐和硝酸盐;不溶物以SiO2和CaSO4·2H2O为主。

Under the influence of industrial emissions and sandstorm weather in high pollution areas of Ningxia,the surface contamination of insulators on transmission line are affected by industrial emissions and natural dust during operation.The content of soluble salt and components of contamination are important factors for guiding pollution rating and pollution flashover prevention.In this study,there are 89 samples of surface contamination were collected from insulators in the four high pollution areas of Ningxia.Their equivalent salt density and ash density data were all measured.The micro morphology,element composition,ionic in soluble salts and insoluble components of four typical samples were analyzed.The results show that the ratio of NSDD to ESDD of contamination in high pollution areas of Ningxia is from 4 to 7.The particle size of contamination on the surface of insulators is mainly concentrated in 10μm as result of the suspended particulate dust in the atmosphere.The contamination samples were analyzed by TG-MS in the double atmosphere condition.The loss on ignition of contamination was 28%~33.4%in the inert atmosphere,and it was below 0.2%in the air atmosphere.So the carbon element in the pollution mainly existed in the form of carbonate.The soluble salts in the contamination are mainly sulfate,chloride and nitrate.SiO2 and CaSO4·2H2O are mainly components in the insoluble substance.