渑池窖藏铁器工艺特点研究

Study On Process Characteristics of Ironware Stashed in Depots Discovered in Mianchi

本文对渑池窖藏铁器中数量最多的铁板材与犁冠进行了金相学与非金属夹杂物分析,系统获取61件铁器与5件炉渣样品的系列微观信息,从中发现多样化的碳含量、碳分布与金相组织是退火窑批量化生产的基本特点,而低碳犁华冠与生铁板材则可能为渑池工匠的目标产品类型,其中犁铧冠的完整工序应为铸造成型-固态退火脱碳-打磨开锋刃口。同时,本文还总结了池遗址铸铁及其固态退火产物的非金属夹杂物特征及其形成机理,为我国古代相同技术铁器及其锻打制品的识别提供新线索。

This article goes on a metallographic analysis of iron plates and plowshares,which account for the majority of the ironware stashed in depots discovered in Mianchi,and the examination of non-metallic impurities in these items,systematically obtaining the spectrum of microscopic details of the samples extracted from 61 iron implements and 5 pieces of slag.It is found that the basic characteristics of mass production in annealing kilns are varied carbon content,carbon distribution and metallographic structure,and that low-carbon plowshares and pig iron plates,might be the products that the craftsmen of Mianchi aimed for.The complete process of plowshare making should involve casting and molding,annealing and cast iron decarburising,and grinding and sharpening.Meanwhile,this article summarizes the characteristics and formation mechanism of the cast iron unearthed from Mianchi Site and their non-metallic impurities after annealing,providing new clues for the identification of ironware and forged implements whose production used the same techniques in ancient China.