生物炭添加对重庆山区烟田土壤理化性质和烤烟生长、产量及产值的影响

Effects of Different Biochar Additions on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tobacco Growth,Yield,and Output Value in Chongqing Mountainous Region

[目的]研究不同生物炭添加对重庆山区烟田黄壤土的理化性质和烤烟生长、产量和产值的影响,为生物炭在土壤保育和烟草生产中的应用提供技术支撑。[方法]以烤烟K326为试验材料,2022—2023年在烟田中采用完全随机设计,在常规施肥基础上,设置7个处理,分别为零添加0 kg/hm^(2)(CK),750 kg/hm^(2)(T_(50)),1500 kg/hm^(2)(T_(100)),3000 kg/hm^(2)(T_(200)),4500 kg/hm^(2)(T_(300)),6000 kg/hm^(2)(T_(400))和7500 kg/hm^(2)(T_(500))。试验期间,对土壤理化性质和烤烟农艺性状、地下地上生物量、烟叶产量和产值进行了监测。[结果](1)添加生物炭能够提高土壤总孔隙度,增加毛管持水量。第2年试验T_(400),T_(500)处理的土壤总孔隙度和毛管持水量均显著高于CK;(2)相对于CK处理,生物炭添加都显著提高了耕层土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,同时T_(300),T_(400)和T_(500)处理显著提高了耕层土壤有机质含量和pH值,能够有效缓解土壤酸化;(3)相对于CK处理,T_(300),T_(400)和T_(500)处理显著促进了烟叶生长和生物量积累,显著提高了烟叶产量和产值,但基于生物炭对烤烟产量和产值贡献率,T_(400)处理的效果最优。[结论]在植烟土壤中添加适量的生物炭,可以改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤可耕性,同时改善烟株生长发育状况,提高烟株干物质积累,提升烟叶产量和产值。

[Objective] The effects of different biochar additions on the physical and chemical properties of yellow loam soil,tobacco growth,yield,and output value were analysed in the Chongqing mountainous region to provide technical support for the application of biochar in soil conservation and tobacco production.[Methods] Flue-cured tobacco K326 was used as the experimental material.In 2022—2023,a completely random design was adopted for the tobacco field,and seven treatments of biochar addition were established based on the conventional film ridge cultivation and fertilisation methods.The seven biochar treatments were as follows:zero biochar addition(CK),750(T_(50)),1 500(T_(100)),3 000(T_(200)),4 500(T_(300)),6 000(T_(400)),and 7 500 kg/hm^(2)(T_(500)) of biochar.During the study period,soil physical and chemical properties,tobacco agronomic traits,ground and aboveground dry matter,and yield and output values were measured.[Results](1) The application of biochar increased the soil porosity and capillary water capacity.The total porosity and capillary water capacity of soil treated with T_(400) and T_(500) were significantly higher than those treated with CK in the second year of the experiment.(2) Compared with the CK treatment,biochar addition significantly increased the contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the 0—20 cm soil profile,and T_(300),T_(400),and T_(500) treatments significantly increased the organic matter content and pH value in the 0—20 cm soil profile,which could effectively alleviate soil acidification.(3) Compared with the CK treatment,the T_(300),T_(400),and T_(500) treatments significantly promoted the growth and biomass accumulation of tobacco and significantly increased the yield and output value of tobacco leaves.Considering the input-output ratio,the T_(400) treatment was optimal for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil,tobacco yield,and output value.[Conclusion] Adding suitable amounts of biochar to tobacco field soil can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,increase soil cultivability,promote the growth,development,and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants,and increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves.