骨科机器人在临床应用中的分类及优缺点

Classification and advantages and disadvantages of orthopedic robots in clinical applications

背景:步入智能时代以来,人们对应用于医疗方面的人工智能技术的研究热情越发高涨。在骨科领域,机器人辅助技术是最具吸引力的人工智能技术之一。经过近40年的发展,机器人辅助技术逐渐成熟,可参与的骨科手术种类逐渐增多,且起到至关重要的作用。目的:总结到目前为止骨科机器人在临床的应用情况,并分析其优缺点。方法:通过对PubMed数据库和中国知网已收录的相关文献进行检索,英文检索词为“robot-assisted technology,surgical robots,orthopaedic robots,robotic arm,orthopaedic,orthopaedic surgery,joint,spine,trauma,bone tumor”,中文检索词为“机器人辅助技术,手术机器人,骨科机器人,机械臂,骨科,骨科手术,关节,脊柱,创伤,骨肿瘤”。按照入选标准进行筛选共得到82篇相关性高的文献。结果与结论:目前机器人辅助技术在临床中的应用比较成熟,可用于大多数骨科手术中,有着不错的临床表现;骨科机器人主要优点包括缓解临床医生的工作压力、减少术中副损伤、缩短辐射暴露时间等,但同时也可能存在手术操作时间延长和术后并发症增加的情况。未来骨科机器人的发展将沿着高智能、低成本、更快捷等方向发展。

BACKGROUND:Since entering the intelligent age,there has been a growing enthusiasm for research on artificial intelligence technologies applied to healthcare.In the field of orthopedics,robot-assisted technology is one of the most attractive artificial intelligence technologies.After nearly 40 years of development,robot-assisted technology has gradually matured,and the types of orthopaedic surgeries in which it can be involved have gradually increased and played a crucial role.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application of orthopedic robots in the clinic and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.METHODS:The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature.The search terms were“robot-assisted technology,surgical robots,orthopaedic robots,robotic arm,orthopaedic,orthopaedic surgery,joint,spine,trauma,bone tumor”in English and Chinese.A total of 82 articles with high relevance were screened according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Robot-assisted technology is now more mature in clinical practice and can be used in most orthopedic surgeries with good clinical performance.(2)The main advantages of orthopedic robots include relieving clinicians’work pressure,reducing intraoperative side injuries,and shortening radiation exposure time.However,there may also be a prolongation of surgical operation time and an increase in postoperative complications.(3)The future development of orthopedic robots will be along the direction of high intelligence,low cost,and faster.