高分子材料阻燃抑烟中的自由基捕捉作用

Free-Radical Trapping Effect in Flame Retarding and Smoke Suppression of Polymers

烟毒气体导致的窒息性死亡是火灾中最主要的致死原因,如何降低高分子材料燃烧过程中的烟毒气体释放,对于火灾中人员逃生和救援至关重要。燃烧过程中自由基链式反应向气相释放出来的高活性H·和HO·是引起高分子材料氧化降解的根本原因,有效控制高活性自由基向气相的释放是改善高分子材料阻燃抑烟性能的有效途径。综述了高分子材料阻燃抑烟中的自由基捕捉作用,从气相自由基捕捉和凝聚相自由基捕捉两个角度简要阐述了多种阻燃剂/协效剂在阻燃抑烟方面的不同表现,重点总结了凝聚相自由基捕捉作用与覆盖阻隔、催化成炭和多孔吸附作用相结合对延缓和抑制烟毒气体释放的影响,并分析了高分子材料阻燃抑烟领域中自由基捕捉作用研究亟待解决的问题。

Asphyxiation caused by smoke and toxic gas is the main cause of death in fire.How to reduce the release of smoke and toxic gas in the combustion process of polymer materials is very important to protect personal safety and provide rescue in fire.The H·,HO·and other high active free-radicals are released into the gaseous phase produced from the free-radical chain reaction during polymer combustion,which is the fundamental reason of the oxidative degradation of polymer,so it is an effective method to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polymer through reducing the release of high active free-radicals to the gaseous phase.The free-radical trapping effect in flame retarding and smoke suppression of polymers was reviewed.The different smoke suppression performances of flame retardants/synergists were briefly summarized from two perspectives of the free-radical trapping in gaseous phase and the free-radical trapping in condensed phase.The synergetic effects of the free-radical trapping in condensed phase combined with the covering barrier effect,the catalytic carbonization effect and the porous adsorption effect on delaying and inhibiting the smoke release were introduced emphatically.The problems to be solved on free-radical trapping effect in flame retarding and smoke suppression of polymers were analyzed.