纺织品表面阻燃技术研究进展

Progress in Surface Flame-Retardant Technology for Textiles

纤维、织物等纺织品是“量大面广”的材料制品,但较易燃,火灾危险性高,导致应用范围受限。近年来,人们致力于开发阻燃材料及阻燃技术,以获取阻燃纤维及其制品,满足不同领域的高火安全要求。对于不同纤维、织物及其制品,需因“材”制宜地构建不同的高效阻燃体系,利用便捷的工艺技术将阻燃性能构筑到材料中,以期在实现阻燃的同时降低对其他性能的影响。围绕纺织品的表面阻燃技术研究,概要介绍纺织品传统阻燃机理及技术,而后以作者团队近期工作以及领域内典型报道为例回顾相关研究进展,聚焦于溶胶-凝胶、层层自组装、共价接枝等技术,涉及到一些先进耐久阻燃纺织品温和构建技术,同时探讨了各种表面阻燃技术体系的优缺点、应用潜力以及面临的挑战。最后,面向纺织领域的发展趋势,对先进纺织品阻燃技术的迭代优化方向进行了展望。

Fibers and fabrics have extensive applications in many fields,including apparel,defense,and transportation,etc.However,most textiles present high flammability and often bring fire hazards.For this,researcher have long developed flame-retardant materials and technologies to achieve flame-retardant fibers and their products.For different kind of textiles materials,it is needed to develop distinctively efficient flame retardant systems and employ convenient technologies,thereby achieving flame retardancy while minimizing any deteriorations on other performance.This review focused on recent progress in surface flame-retardant technology for textiles.Traditional flame-retardant mechanisms and technologies were briefly introduced.Using our group’s work and other studies as examples,different surface treatment approaches for flame-retardant fabrics were highlighted,such as sol-gel deposition,layer-by-layer assembly,and covalent grafting methods.Also,some explorations of advanced methodologies for producing durable flame-retardant textiles under mild conditions were discussed.Besides,advantages/disadvantages,application potential,and challenges were indicated.Finally,a brief prospect was provided on the potential opportunities of flame-retardant technologies for fabrics,with the aim of guiding the advancement of the textile industries.