可降低水潜热的太阳能蒸发器的研究进展

Research Progress of Solar Evaporators Reducing Latent Heat of Water

淡水资源短缺是全球面临的重大问题,利用太阳能界面蒸发技术进行海水淡化是近年来发展的一种绿色解决方案。蒸发速率是太阳能界面蒸发技术重要的衡量指标,由于自然界太阳光的强度是一定的,蒸发速率主要受限于水的蒸发潜热。太阳能蒸发器是太阳能界面蒸发系统的核心元件,利用太阳能蒸发器材料的化学基团和物理结构降低水的蒸发潜热成为提升太阳能界面蒸发速率的重要途径。首先对太阳能界面蒸发技术和太阳能蒸发器进行简要介绍,然后对可降低水潜热的太阳能蒸发器的研究应用进行详细总结,重点对太阳能蒸发器降低水的蒸发潜热的机制进行分析归纳,最后对可降低水潜热的太阳能蒸发器的发展进行展望,以期为可降低水潜热的太阳能蒸发器的后续研发提供参考,进一步提升太阳能界面蒸发技术在海水淡化领域的竞争力。

The shortage of fresh water resources is a major problem facing the world.Seawater desalination using the technology of solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a green solution developed in recent years.Evaporation rate is an important index of solar-driven interfacial evaporation.Because the intensity of natural sunlight is constant,evaporation rate is mainly limited by the latent heat of water evaporation.Solar evaporator is the core component of solar interfacial evaporation system.Reducing the latent heat of water evaporation through the chemical groups and physical structure modulations of solar evaporator materials turns into an important way to improve the solar interfacial evaporation rate.In this review,the technology of solar-driven interfacial evaporation and the knowledge of solar evaporator were briefly introduced firstly.And then,solar evaporators which can reduce the latent heat of water evaporation were presented in detail.In addition,the mechanism of reducing the latent heat of water evaporation with solar evaporators was analyzed and summarized.The prospect and future challenges of solar evaporators with the ability of reducing latent heat were discussed finally,so as to provide reference for the follow-up research and development of solar evaporators with the ability of reducing latent heat,and further enhance the competitiveness of solar-driven interfacial evaporation in the field of seawater desalination.