2018-2021年贵州省水痘病例免疫史回顾性调查及突破病例流行病学特征分析

Retrospective investigation on immune history of varicella cases and epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough cases in Guizhou province from 2018 to 2021

目的了解贵州省水痘病例发病前免疫史,为制定当地防控策略提供科学依据。方法运用简单随机抽样的方法进行抽样,采用描述性流行病学方法对2018—2021年贵州省15岁以下水痘病例发病前免疫史情况以及突破病例流行病学特征进行分析。结果共纳入283例水痘病例,发病前有水痘减毒活疫苗(Var V)免疫史的40例(14.13%),其中1剂次、2剂次免疫史分别为39例(13.78%)和1例(0.35%);发病前无Var V免疫史或免疫史不详的243例(85.87%)。283例水痘病例中,水痘突破病例为36例(12.72%),其中幼托儿童15例、学生12例、散居儿童9例;发病年龄中位数为5.75(4.79,7.11)岁;既往1剂次免疫史35例,发病日期距接种第1剂日期中位数为4.18(1.92,5.94)年。结论贵州省水痘病例以无免疫史病例为主,建议当地加强儿童水痘疫苗接种工作,提高儿童Var V接种率,倡导儿童在年满4岁后完成第2剂次Var V接种。

Objective To understand the immunization history of varicella cases in Guizhou province before onset,and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods Simple random sampling were adopted,descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the immunization history of varicella cases under 15 years old before onset and the epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough cases in Guizhou province from 2018 to 2021.Results A total of 283 cases of varicella were included,40 cases(14.13%)had immunization history of varicella live attenuated vaccine(Var V)immunization before onset.Among them,39 cases(13.78%)and 1 case(0.35%)had immunization history of 1 dose and 2 doses,respectively.243 cases(85.87%)had no or unknown Var V immunization history.Among the 283 varicella cases,there were 36 cases of varicella breakthrough(12.72%),including 15 children in childcare,12 students,and 9 children living at home.The median age of onset was 5.75 years old(4.79,7.11).There were 35 cases with a history of one dose of immunization in the past,and the median time of onset was 4.18 years(1.92,5.94)from the date of vaccination.Conclusions Varicella cases in Guizhou province are mainly cases without immunization history.It is suggested that local authorities strengthen varicella vaccination for children,increase the Var V vaccination rate for children,and encourage children to complete the second dose of Var V vaccination after they reach the age of 4.