汉坦病毒疫苗研究进展

Research progress of hantavirus vaccines

汉坦病毒(hantavirus,HV)感染可引起急性传染病肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒心肺综合征,在世界各地均有流行且致死率较高,成为了全球性公共卫生问题。目前尚无针对HV的特异性治疗药物或方法,接种疫苗成为预防未来大流行的有效、经济手段。目前HV疫苗主要有灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、DNA疫苗等,主要将包膜糖蛋白和核衣壳蛋白作为免疫原,诱导机体免疫系统产生体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答清除HV感染细胞。此文对国内外各种HV疫苗及其优缺点、作用机制、研究进展等进行简要综述。

Hantavirus(HV)infection can cause two acute infectious diseases,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome,which have spread and led to high mortality rates around the world,becoming a global public health problem.Currently,there are no specific drugs or methods for treatment of HV.Vaccines have become a effective and economical means to prevent potential pandemics.At present,HV vaccines mainly include inactivated vaccines,subunit vaccines,virus vector vaccines,virus-like particle vaccines,DNA vaccines,etc.They mainly use viral structural protein glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein as immunogens to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to eliminate HV infected cells.This article briefly reviews the types,advantages and disadvantages,mechanisms of action,as well as research progress of HV vaccines at home and abroad.