接触演变与川渝官话的形成、发展——兼论已合并音类的系统性再分化

Contact-induced Sound Change and the Formation and Development of Sichuan-Chongqing Mandarin(SCM):A Discussion on systematic redifferentiation of merged phonetic categories

基于特定韵类的分合表现,川渝地区官话可以分为“键为型”方言和“成渝型”方言。在“犍为型”方言中已合并的音类,在“成渝型”方言中保持分立。“犍为型”特征是川渝官话早期土著方言特征,是自源层次,而“成渝型”特征是受湖北官话影响而形成的特征,属于大移民后进入的外源层次。在外源性的“成渝型”方言的影响下,“键为型”方言中的已合并音类逐渐再分立。这种接触引发的已合并音类再分化现象,曾在川渝方言中大范围出现,并且仍在持续。今天诸多“成渝型”方言中,依然有“键为型”特征残迹。从传教士文献证据看,成都方言历史上也经历过这种接触演变。

The distinction of rhyme categories can define two types of SCM,namely Qianwei(犍为)and Chengyu(成渝)dialects.Sound categories merged in Qianwei dialects remain separated in Chengyu dialects.The present analysis indicates that the Qianwei features are indigenous characteristics of SCM,while the Chengyu features show influence from Hubei Mandarin.Because of the influence from Chengyu dialects through contact,the merged sound categories in Qianwei dialects respectively again split into two categories gradually.These contactinduced changes may have been wide-spread in SCM.There remain some Qianwei residues in many Chengyu dialects.The early dialect dictionary suggests that Chengdu dialect has also undergone such contact-induced change in its history.