明清河南韵书韵图所反映汴洛地区知三章的演变

The Reflected Change of Rhyme Book and Rhyme Chart of the Zhi San Zhang(知三章)Group in the Bianluo Areaof HenanProvince in the Mingand QingDynasties

明清汴洛地区知三章由细音转读为洪音起变于合口呼,始于通摄,这表现在桑绍良《青郊杂著》上。明末吕坤《交泰韵》显示该音变又扩散到臻摄合口知章母及止摄开口三等章组字上。至清初又波及臻山两摄合口各声纽和曾臻深三摄开口日母字上,这为李子金《书学慎余》所载。再至清末,知三章结束了与知二庄在洪细音上的对抗,合而为一,这被记录于杨金标《太极音韵》中。即汴洛地区知三章后的颚介音全部变成洪音的时间可定位为19世纪上半叶。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Zhi San Zhang(知三章)group in the Bianluo area of Henan province underwent a phonetic shift from a closed-mouth vowel of the Tong(通)rhyme category to a full sound.This transformation is elucidated in Sang Shaoliang's Qingjiao Zazhu(青郊杂著).By the end of the Ming Dynasty,Li Kun's Jiaotai Yun(交泰韵)illustrated that the evolution had extended to the closed-mouth of the Zhi and Zhang(知章)initials of the Zhen(臻)rhyme category and the open-mouth third-grade initial consonants with the Zhang(章)group of the Zhi(止)rhyme category.Transitioning into the early Qing Dynasty,this linguistic change affected the rounded initials of the Zhen and Shan(臻山)rhyme categories,as well as the open-mouth of Ri(日)initial of the Zeng,Zhen and Shen(曾臻深)rhyme categories,as documented by Li Zijin's Shuxue Shenyu(书学慎余).By the end of the Qing Dynasty,the distinction between the Zhi San Zhang group and the Zhi Er Zhuang(知二庄)group in terms of full sound versus fine sound ceased to exist,merging into one unified system.This convergence is recorded in the Yang Jinbiao's Taiji Yinyun(太极音韵).Thus,the complete transition of the palatal medial sounds following the Zhi San Zhang group in the Bianluo area into full sounds can be traced to the first half of the 19th century.