楚系简帛文献中的“程”

"Cheng"(程)in Bamboo and Silk Documents of Chu

“程”是上古汉语中一个比较常见的词语,它在战国楚系简帛文献中的用字情况尚未专门梳理。本文通过对相关出土文献的具体考证,指出“程”主要有“程”“[米呈]”和“[糹呈]”三种写法,前两种写法皆见于清华大学藏战国竹简,后一种写法见于上海博物馆藏战国竹简和郭店楚墓竹简。古文字“禾”“米”作为形符可以通用,从“系”之字跟法度有关,因此“[米呈]”“[糹呈]”都应是“程”字的异体。

"Cheng"(程)is a common word in in early archaic Chinese.Its writing forms have not been studied carefully in bamboo and silk documents of Chu yet.Through specific textual researchs on relevant unearthed documents,this article points out that there are three kinds of writing forms which are"Cheng"(程),"Cheng"([米呈])and"Cheng"([糹呈]).The first two writing forms can be seen in the bamboo slips of the Warring States Period in Tsinghua University,and the latter form can be seen in the bamboo slips of the Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum and the Chu Tomb in Guodian."He"(禾)and"Mi"(米)are interchangeable as shape symbols in the ancient characters,and the words taking"Mi"(糸)are related to laws and systems,therefore,"Cheng"([米呈])and"Cheng"([糹呈])are the variant characters of"Cheng""(程).