算法推荐服务提供者注意义务扩张的合理边界

Reasonable Boundaries for the Expansion of Duty of Care of Algorithm-Recommended Service Providers

在算法推荐服务引发的版权侵权案件中,算法推荐服务提供者注意义务的边界是判断其是否应当承担间接侵权责任的关键。算法推荐虽然具有一定的“价值偏向性”,但同时也具有“辅助性”特征,算法推荐的本质仍然是一种网络服务提供行为。提高算法推荐服务提供者的注意义务具有现实必要性和理论正当性。在传统侵权责任理论下,“必要措施”不但应当是补救性的,而且还应包括预防性的,这为算法推荐服务提供者注意义务的合理扩张、版权侵权责任的适当加重预留了解释的空间。与此同时,也需要警惕过分扩张注意义务边界的趋势出现。一方面,应从整体层面出发,对算法推荐服务提供者承担较高注意义务的边界进行系统划定;另一方面,应从个体层面出发,在个案中根据具体情形运用“理性人”标准,进一步完善“较高注意义务”的衡量,实现各方利益平衡。

In the copyright infringement cases caused by algorithmic recommendation service,the boundary of the algorithmic recommendation service providers’duty of care is the key to judge whether it should bear the liability of indirect infringement.Although the technology of algorithm recommendation has certain“value bias”,it also has the characteristics of“assistance”,and the essence of algorithm recommendation is still a network service provision behavior.Improving the duty of care of algorithm-recommended service providers has practical necessity and theoretical legitimacy.Under the traditional tort liability theory,“necessary measures”should not only be remedial,but also preventive,which leaves room for interpretation of the reasonable expansion of the duty of care of algorithm-recommended service providers and the appropriate increase of copyright tort liability.At the same time,it is also necessary to be vigilant against the trend of overextending the boundaries of service providers’duty of care.On the one hand,we should proceed from the overall level to systematically delimit the boundaries where the providers of algorithm recommendation services assume higher obligations of care;On the other hand,from an individual perspective,the“rational person”standard shall be applied in individual cases according to specific circumstances to further improve the specific measurement of“higher duty of care”and realize the balance of interests of all parties.