早产儿肠道菌群与疾病的相关性及干预措施

Correlation between gut microbiota and diseases in preterm infants and interventions

肠道菌群是一个复杂且数量庞大的微生物群落,与人体的健康密切相关。早产儿受多种因素的影响,其肠道菌群多样性与足月分娩新生儿有明显的差异。相较于足月分娩新生儿,早产儿的免疫系统发育相对不成熟,容易出现支气管肺发育不良、喂养不耐受症和坏死性小肠结肠炎等疾病,这些疾病的发生与肠道菌群失调存在一定的相关性。此外,肠道菌群失调也会影响早产儿个体生长和神经发育。母乳、粪菌移植、益生菌和益生元在改善早产儿肠道菌群方面取得了一定的成效,但未来还需要更多的临床研究,以便深入了解这些措施在改善早产儿肠道菌群方面的作用。

The gut microbiota is a complex and vast community of microorganisms that is closely related to human health.Preterm infants,influenced by various factors,show significant differences in gut microbiota diversity compared with full-term infants.The relatively immature immune system of preterm infants makes them more susceptible to diseases such as bronchopneumonia dysplasia,feeding intolerance,and necrotizing enterocolitis,which are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis.Moreover,gut microbiota imbalance can affect the growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants.Interventions such as breastfeeding,fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and prebiotics have shown some success in improving the gut microbiota of preterm infants.However,further clinical research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of these interventions in improving the gut microbiota of preterm infants.