《反外国制裁法》第十二条适用要件的情境分析

Situational Analysis of the Application Requirements of Article 12 ofChina’s Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law

外国制裁对中国产生影响的情境有初级制裁、非典型初级制裁以及次级制裁三种情境,产生影响的方式共有七条路径,《反外国制裁法》第十二条不同要件在不同路径中的适用结果也不尽相同。具体而言,追偿主体“我国公民、组织”适用于绝大部分路径,但并不适用于非典型初级制裁情境中的两条路径。索赔对象“任何组织和个人”意味着中国法院可以通过《民事诉讼法》第二百七十六条中的“适当联系”对位于海外的外国组织和个人行使管辖权,但应受到外国国家豁免的限制。阻断对象“歧视性限制措施”虽无需以行政认定为前提,但也需加强法院与外交部门的信息共享。至于“执行或协助执行”,应当将行为人的主观意图纳入考量范围,重点考察行为人是否存在正当商业理由。

There are three scenarios in which foreign sanctions have an impact on China: primary sanctions,extended primary sanctions and secondary sanctions.there are seven ways in which the impact occur,and the application of different elements in Article 12 of Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law varies in different paths.Specifically,for the subject of recovery,“Chinese citizens and organizations” is applicable to the vast majority of paths,but not to the two paths in in extended primary sanctions scenarios.For the object of claims,“any organization or individual” means that Chinese courts can exercise jurisdiction over foreign organizations and individuals overseas based on “appropriate connection” in Article 276 of the Civil Procedure Law,but should be subject to the limitations of foreigns state immunity.For the object of block,although “discriminatory restrictive measures” do not need to be subject to administrative determination,it is also necessary to strengthen information sharing between the courts and the departments of foreign affairs.As for “execution or assistance in execution” ,the subjective intent of the actor should be taken into account,with a focus on whether the actor has legitimate commercial reasons.