论民事审判权介入团体内部纠纷的诉讼机制

On Litigation Mechanism of Civil Trial Power Intervention in Resolving Internal Disputes Within Groups

民事审判权介入团体内部纠纷之界限的划定需要兼顾审判权所固有的权利救济功能以及尊重团体内部自治两种价值的平衡。民事审判权对于团体内部纠纷的审查应以程序性审查为主。现阶段立法、司法实践以及学界观点难以明确民事审判权是否应当介入团体内部纠纷的判断标准以及如何对团体内部事项进行司法审查等问题,导致团体内部纠纷当事人的实体和程序权益无法得到有效保障。通过对域外有关审判权介入团体内部纠纷的判例和学说的比较研究可知,民事审判权介入团体内部纠纷不宜采用全部驳回起诉或以作出实体判决为导向的司法审查模式。民事审判权介入团体内部纠纷的识别标准应为团体内部行为是否涉及法律规定的民事法律关系,通过以诉讼过程中当事人主张举证的团体内部行为相关的程序性事项为司法审查的重点的审理方式,聚焦于争点形成的过程,在程序层面判断团体内部行为的效力,并借此实现多重诉讼目的。

The delineation of the boundary of civil judicial power intervention in internal disputes within a group requires a balance between the inherent right relief function of the jurisdiction and the value of respecting internal autonomy within the group.The review of internal disputes within a group by civil jurisdiction should mainly focus on procedural review.At present,judicial practice and academic perspectives are unable to clarify the criteria for determining whether civil jurisdiction should intervene in internal group disputes and how to conduct judicial review of internal group matters,resulting in ineffective protection of the substantive and procedural rights and interests of parties involved in internal group disputes.Through a comparative study of precedents and theories outside the mainland of China related to the intervention of judicial power in internal group disputes,it can be concluded that the judicial review model of rejecting all lawsuits or making of substantive judgments should not be adopted for the intervention of civil judicial power in internal group disputes.The identification standard for civil jurisdiction intervention in internal disputes within a group should be whether the internal behavior of the group involves the civil legal relationship stipulated by law.Through the trial method which lays great stress on procedural matters related to the internal behavior of the group that the parties claim to provide evidence during the litigation process,the judicial review focuses on the process of dispute formation,and the effectiveness of the internal behavior of the group is judged at the procedural level.So multiple litigation purposes can be achieved.