农业农村现代化的域外经验与中国镜鉴——基于日韩、美国、欧盟的比较分析

Foreign Experiences and China Enlightenment of Agricultural and Rural Modernization--Comparative Analysis Based on Japan,Korea,America and the European Union

农业农村现代化作为中国式现代化的重要组成部分,是实现农业大国向农业强国跨越的基础和支撑。通过梳理日韩、美国、欧盟等主要发达国家或地区的农业农村现代化历程,发现不同国家在各自的自然禀赋、制度环境乃至历史机缘下作出了不同的路径选择,同时进一步反映出阶段异步性、城乡发展等值化、乡村治理现代化等农业农村现代化的规律性特征。从国际比较来看,中国的农业农村现代化是一种“大国小农”的共同式现代化,既面临着小农经济和传统村社结构的历史制约,又肩负着建设社会主义现代化强国的时代使命,同时需要满足实现全体人民共同富裕的本质要求。因此,中国的农业农村现代化建设既要遵循一般规律,又要基于自身国情农情,准确把握农业农村现代化的时空坐标,以县域城乡融合为切口,以乡村多元共治为支撑,探寻农业农村现代化的中国道路。

As an important part of Chinese-style modernization,agricultural and rural modernization is the foundation and support for realizing the leap from a large agricultural country to a powerful agricul-tural country.By combing through the course of agricultural and rural modernization in major devel-oped countries or regions such as Japan,South Korea,America and the European Union,it is found that different countries have made different choices of paths under their own natural endowments,in-stitutional environments and even historical opportunities,and at the same time further reflecting reg-ular features of agricultural and rural modernization,such as the asynchronous nature of phases,the equilibrium of urban and rural development,and the modernization of rural governance.From the per-spective of international comparison,Chinas agricultural and rural modernization is a kind of common modernization of“a big country with small scale agricultural operations”,which faces the historical constraints of small farm economy and traditional village structure,but also shoulders the mission of building a strong socialist modernized country,and at the same time,needs to satisfy the essential re-quirement of realizing the common wealth of all people.Therefore,Chinas agricultural and rural modernization construction should not only follow general laws,but also be based on its own national and agricultural conditions,accurately grasp the temporal and spatial coordinates of agricultural and rural modernization,take the integration of urban and rural areas at the county level as the starting point,and explore the Chinese path of agricultural and rural modernization with the support of diversi-fied governance in rural areas.